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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MEMORY |
The retention of information or experience over time as the result of three key processes |
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ENCODING |
The process by which information gets into memory storage |
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DIVIDED ATTENTION |
concentrating on more than one activity at the same time |
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SUSTAINED ATTENTION |
the ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period of time |
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LEVELS OF PROCESSING |
a continuum of memory processing from shallow to intermediate to deep, with deeper processing producing better memory |
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ELABORATION |
The formation of a number of different connections around a stimulus at a given level of memory encoding |
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STORAGE |
The retention of info over time and how this info is represented in memory |
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SHORT-TERM MEMORY |
Limited-capacity learning system in which information is usually retained for only as long as 30 seconds |
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LONG-TERM MEMORY |
A permanent type of memory that stores huge amounts of info for a long time |
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EXPLICIT MEMORY |
The conscience recollection of information |
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EPISODIC MEMORY |
the retention of information about the where, when, and what of life's happenings |
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SEMANTIC MEMORY |
A persons knowledge about the world |
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IMPLICIT MEMORY |
memory in which behavior is affected by prior experience without a conscience recollection of that experience |
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PROCEDURAL MEMORY |
memory for skills |
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PRIMING |
The activation of information that people already have in storage to help them remember new info better and faster |
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SCRIPT |
a schema for an event, often containing info about physical features, people, and typical occurrences |
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CONNECTIONISM |
the theory that memory is stored throughout the brain in connections among neurons, several of which may work together to process a single memory |
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RETRIEVAL |
the memory process that occurs when info that was retained in the memory comes out of storage |
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SERIAL POSITION EFFECT |
The tendency to recall the items at the beginning and end of a list more than those in the middle |
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AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY |
A special form of episodic memory, consisting of a person's recollections of his or hers life experiences |
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FLASHBULB MEMORY |
The memory of emotionally significant events that people often recall with more accuracy and vivid imagery than everyday events |
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MOTIVATED FORGETTING |
Forgetting that occurs when something is so painful that remembering it is intolerable |
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INTERFERENCE THEORY |
The theory that people forget not because memories are lost from storage but because other information gets in the way of what they want to remember |
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PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE |
situation in which material that was learned earlier disrupts the recall of what was learned later |
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RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCE |
situation in which material that was learned later disrupts the retrieval of info that was learned earlier |
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DECAY THEORY |
Theory stating that when an individual learns something new, a neurochemical memory trace forms, but over time this trace disintegrates |
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TIP-OF-THE-TONGUE PHENOMENON |
a type of effortful retrieval associated with a persons feelings the he/she knows something but cannot quite pull it out of memory |
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RETROSPECTIVE MEMORY |
remembering information from the past |
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PROSPECTIVE MEMORY |
remembering information about doing something in the future |
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AMNESIA |
The loss of memory |
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ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA |
A memory disorder that affects the retention of new information and events |
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RETROGRADE AMNISIA |
Memory loss for a segment of the past but not for new events |
