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53 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Psychology

scientific study of the mind and behavior

Mind

private inner experience

Behavior

observable actions of humans and nonhuman animals

Empiricism

knowledge comes from only things we can observe

Scientific Method

steps used to find relationship between ideas and evidence that support the ideas.

Theory

overall, hypothetical explanation of a natural phenomena

Hypothesis

a prediction about a theory

Operationalize

transforming a broad topic into an explicit definition in a experiment

Reliability

same results or consistency

Validity

measuring what you think it is measuring or accuracy

Power

sensitive enough to measure your conditions

Data

anything that is measured

Statistical Signifigance

using statistics to determine which data points are meaningful or relevant, real or not

Case Method

gathering scientific info from a non-random sample

Demand Characteristics

people being observed act in the way they think the observer would want

Observer Bias

observer sees what they expect to see

Naturalistic Observation

gather scientific info by unobtrusively observing people in natural environments

Double-Blind

true purpose is hidden from both observer and person being observed

Temporal Precedence

1st variable causes the change in 2nd variable

Central Nervous System

brain and spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System

everything think else such as skin, tongue and skin



Neuron

building blocks of the nervous system

Sensory Neurons

receive info from external world (body to brain)

Motor Neurons

signals from spinal cord to muscles (brain to body)

Interneurons

connect sensory neurons, motor neurons, or other interneurons (middle man)

Electrochemical

communication done by electricity, signal carried by chemical

Action Potential

electrical signal within a neuron, goes from axon to synapse

Neurotransmitter

chemical signal between other neurons

Ion

positively and negatively charged particles that create an electrical current

Refractory Period

the time after an AP in which a new AP CANNOT occur

All-or-None

one started, cannot be stopped

Nodes of Ranvier

the gaps in between myelin

Synapse

junction between one presynaptic neuron and another postsynaptic neuron

Sulcus

groove in surface of brain

Gyrus

ridge in surface of brain

Monozygotic

100% similar (identical) genes

Dizygotic

50% similar (fraternal) genes

Epigenetics

how environment affect the function of our genes, is confirmed environment can change the way our genes get expressed.

Sensation

stimulation on part of body by the environment

Perception

organization, identification, and interpretation of sensation in order to form a mental representation.

Environmental Stimulus

something environmental detected by body

Sensory Organ

specialized part of body that detects environmental stimulus

Sensory Receptor

Neurons that perform transduction

Transduction

when neurons convert environmental stimulus into an AP

Synesthesia

one sense is simultaneously perceived by addition senses. "joined perception"

Accommodation

lens changing thickness to focus light onto fovea

Myopia

near sighted

Hyperopia

far sighted

Photoreceptors

the rods and cones that carry light info the the brain

Phototransduction

converting light into an AP

Absolute Threshold

minimal intensity needed to detect stimulus at all

Just Noticeable Difference

minimal change in stimulus that can be barely detected

Grouping

when features like color and shape are combined incorrectly