Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Psychology |
scientific study of the mind and behavior |
|
Mind |
private inner experience |
|
Behavior |
observable actions of humans and nonhuman animals |
|
Empiricism |
knowledge comes from only things we can observe |
|
Scientific Method |
steps used to find relationship between ideas and evidence that support the ideas. |
|
Theory |
overall, hypothetical explanation of a natural phenomena |
|
Hypothesis |
a prediction about a theory |
|
Operationalize |
transforming a broad topic into an explicit definition in a experiment |
|
Reliability |
same results or consistency |
|
Validity |
measuring what you think it is measuring or accuracy |
|
Power |
sensitive enough to measure your conditions |
|
Data |
anything that is measured |
|
Statistical Signifigance |
using statistics to determine which data points are meaningful or relevant, real or not |
|
Case Method |
gathering scientific info from a non-random sample |
|
Demand Characteristics |
people being observed act in the way they think the observer would want
|
|
Observer Bias |
observer sees what they expect to see |
|
Naturalistic Observation |
gather scientific info by unobtrusively observing people in natural environments |
|
Double-Blind |
true purpose is hidden from both observer and person being observed |
|
Temporal Precedence |
1st variable causes the change in 2nd variable |
|
Central Nervous System |
brain and spinal cord |
|
Peripheral Nervous System |
everything think else such as skin, tongue and skin |
|
Neuron |
building blocks of the nervous system |
|
Sensory Neurons |
receive info from external world (body to brain) |
|
Motor Neurons |
signals from spinal cord to muscles (brain to body) |
|
Interneurons |
connect sensory neurons, motor neurons, or other interneurons (middle man) |
|
Electrochemical |
communication done by electricity, signal carried by chemical |
|
Action Potential |
electrical signal within a neuron, goes from axon to synapse |
|
Neurotransmitter |
chemical signal between other neurons |
|
Ion |
positively and negatively charged particles that create an electrical current |
|
Refractory Period |
the time after an AP in which a new AP CANNOT occur |
|
All-or-None |
one started, cannot be stopped |
|
Nodes of Ranvier |
the gaps in between myelin |
|
Synapse |
junction between one presynaptic neuron and another postsynaptic neuron |
|
Sulcus |
groove in surface of brain |
|
Gyrus |
ridge in surface of brain
|
|
Monozygotic |
100% similar (identical) genes |
|
Dizygotic |
50% similar (fraternal) genes |
|
Epigenetics |
how environment affect the function of our genes, is confirmed environment can change the way our genes get expressed. |
|
Sensation |
stimulation on part of body by the environment |
|
Perception |
organization, identification, and interpretation of sensation in order to form a mental representation. |
|
Environmental Stimulus |
something environmental detected by body |
|
Sensory Organ |
specialized part of body that detects environmental stimulus |
|
Sensory Receptor |
Neurons that perform transduction |
|
Transduction |
when neurons convert environmental stimulus into an AP |
|
Synesthesia |
one sense is simultaneously perceived by addition senses. "joined perception" |
|
Accommodation |
lens changing thickness to focus light onto fovea |
|
Myopia |
near sighted |
|
Hyperopia |
far sighted |
|
Photoreceptors |
the rods and cones that carry light info the the brain |
|
Phototransduction |
converting light into an AP |
|
Absolute Threshold |
minimal intensity needed to detect stimulus at all |
|
Just Noticeable Difference |
minimal change in stimulus that can be barely detected |
|
Grouping |
when features like color and shape are combined incorrectly |