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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The area of psychology that primarily focuses on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of abnormal behaviour is called?
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Clinical Psychology
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What is the main objective of a clinical assessment?
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diagnosis of a mental disorder
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An assessment of functioning prior to the development of a illness or disorder is estimating the patients level of what?
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premorbid functioning
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Wakefield's evolutionary view of mental disorder defines a disorder as the harmful failure of internal mechanisms to do what?
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perform their naturally selected evolutionary functions
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Wakefields attribution of disorder entail which two things?
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1. a scientific judgement that evolutionary failure exists and
2. value judgement that this failure is harmful to the individual |
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What are 5 perspectives regarding the controversy in classifying disorders?
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1. Statistical analysis
2. A rare or non std disorder 3. Subjective distress model 4. Biological model 5. Well established diagnostic criteria |
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What are the two main diagnostic criteria available?
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DSM-IV TR and the ICD-10
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The DSM-IV TR and ICD-10 are broadly aligned but there are some differences in terminology and conceptualisation of what?
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specific disorders
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The DSM-IV TR has been criticised as being relatively what?
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unreliable
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Explain the five axis of the DSM IV - TR?
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1. Axis 1 - Clinical Disorders
2. Axis 2 - Personality Disorders and ID 3. Axis 3 - Medical Disorders 4. Axis 4 - Psychosocial Stressors 5. Axis 5 - Overall Level of Adaptive Function |
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What is an example of a multi-axial diagnosis?
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major depressive disorder
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What are three criticisms of the DSM-IV TR?
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1. Rooted in medical model
2. Unreliable 3. No guidance for treatment 4. Co-morbidity 5. Overlap with normal 6. Arbitrary cutoffs 7. Heterogeneity within disorders 8. Distinction btw axis 1 and 2 |
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The Clinical Interview can differ in what three ways?
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1. content
2. structure 3. tone |
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The goal of the clinical interview is to gather information about what type of things?
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demographics
reason for referral past medical history present medical condition past medical history present history with health professionals current psychological conditions family medical history |
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What is used to screen for intellectual, emotional, and neurological deficits, typically using questioning or observation with respect to various areas of functioning?
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A Mental Status Examination
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What are the areas tested in a mental status examination?
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appearance, behaviour, orientation, memory, sensorium, psychomotor activity, state of consciousness, affect, mood, personality, thought content, thought processes, intellectual resources, insight and judgement
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What must you be mindful when diagnosing mental disorders?
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individual differences
ADRESSING |
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The aim of using psychological testing in clinical settings is to obtain a what?
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psychometric measurement of clinical disorders
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The Millon Clinical Multiaxal Inventory is a well normed 175 yes/no test to examine factors that may offer a preliminary what?
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indication of areas of concern
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The Beck Depression Inventory is a self report measure consisting of 21 items used to identify what?
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specific symptom or attitude associated with depression
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What are the Milllon and MMPI used to identify?
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Millon identifies personality issues
MMPI identifies clinical issues |
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What is the main disadvantage of the MMPI?
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It is very long
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What is a major drawback of the the Beck Depression Inventory?
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it is transparent and can be easily faked
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What are the four categories of tests used in clinical assessments?
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1. Objective Diagnostic Test
2. Personality Test 3. Intelligence Test 4. Neurological Testing |
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What types of tests are used in a clinical assessment of addiction?
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1. toxicology
2. Psychometric 3. Role Play |
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The addiction severity index is one of the most widely used tests in the substance abuse field assess the severity of addiction in what seven problem areas?
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1. medical condition
2. employment functioning 3. drug use 4. alcohol use 5. illegal activity 6. family social relations 7. psychiatric functioning |
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What is the main ethical issues in assessing for addictions?
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obtaining informed consent
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The theory and application of psychological evaluation and measurement in the legal context is known as what?
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Forensic Psychological Assessment
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A Forensic assessment main be required for what 6 reasons?
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1. Danger to oneself or others
2. Competency to stand trial 3. Criminal Responsibility 4. Readiness of parole 5. Evaluation of emotional injury 6. Profiling |
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The phrase "Protective privileges end where the public peril begins" is in relation to what type of forensic assessment?
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Danger to self and others
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Competency to stand trial has to do largely with a defendant's ability to understand what?
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The charges against him and assist in his own defense
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The M'Naughton standard refers to what?
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the right or wrong test - not guilty by reason of insanity
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The ALI standard state that a person is not responsible for criminal conduct if he lacks substantial capacity either to do what two things?
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appreciate the criminality or conform his conduct to the legal requirements
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Special issue with children is that they are highly susceptible to what?
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suggestion
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A psychopath is how many times more likely to reoffend?
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4
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People with few inhibitions who may pursue pleasure or money with callous disregard for the welfare of others are known as what?
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psychopaths
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The finding that people tend to accept vague personality descriptions as accurate descriptions of themselves is known as what?
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The Barnum Effect
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An indicator of a definite neurological deficit is a what?
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hard sign
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An indicator that is merely suggestive of neurological deficit is a what?
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soft sign
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