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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality |
A pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world. |
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Psychodynamic Perspective |
Personality is primarily unconscious (beyond awareness). |
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Freud’s Personality Theory |
Id (the person is all Id at birth), Superego, Ego |
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Id (the person is all Id at birth) |
•lacks organization •blind, demanding, insistent, illogical, amoral •it’s ruled by pleasure principle •driven to satisfy the instinctual needs and unconscious drives |
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Superego |
the person’s moral code •serves as a harsh internal judge of our behavior •evaluates the morality of our behavior as good or bad, right or wrong •our conscious •strives for perfection, not pleasure. |
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Ego |
deals with the demands of reality •it’s ruled by the reality principle •tries to bring the individual pleasure within the norms of society •acts as a mediator between the conflicting demands of the id and the super ego as well as the real world •the seat of intelligence and rationality |
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Defense Mechanisms |
Strategies (or tactics) the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distort reality. –prevent the ego from being overwhelmed •Developed by Anna Freud (Sigmund Freud’s youngest daughter) |
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Anxiety |
A feeling of imminent danger: –Objective Anxiety –Neurotic Anxiety –Moral Anxiety |
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Repression |
The ego pushes unacceptable impulses or painful memories out of awareness. |
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Rationalization |
The ego replaces a less acceptable motive with a more acceptable one. –Involves explaining away failures, amoral behavior or disappointments by making up logical (but false) reasons. |
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Displacement |
The ego shifts feelings toward an unacceptable object to another, more acceptable object |
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Sublimation |
The ego replaces an unacceptable impulse with a socially acceptable one |
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Projection |
The ego attributes others one’s own unacceptable desires and impulses. |
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Reaction Formation |
The ego transform an unacceptable motive into its opposite. |
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Denial |
The ego refuses to acknowledge anxiety-producing realities. |
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Regression |
The ego seeks the security of an earlier developmental period in the face of stress. |
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Intellectualization ('Isolation of affect') |
The ego avoids uncomfortable emotions by focusing on facts and logic. |
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Sense of Humor/Sarcasm |
The ego avoids uncomfortable emotions by making jokes |
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Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development |
Oral Stage (0-18 months) •Anal Stage (18-36 months) •Phallic Stage (3- 6 years) •Latency Period (6 to puberty) •Genital Stage (adolescence and adulthood) |
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Adler’s Individual Psychology |
Individuals strive for superiority by seeking to adapt, improve and master the environment. |
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Adler’s Birth Order Personality Theory (Oldest Child) |
Positive Outcome: Responsibility Negative Outcome: Insecurity |
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Adler’s Birth Order Personality Theory (Middle Child) |
Positive Outcome: Healthy Ambition Negative Outcome: Rebellious Behavior |
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Adler’s Birth Order Personality Theory (Youngest Child) |
Positive Outcome: Confidence Negative Outcome: Inferiority |
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Adler’s Birth Order Personality Theory (only Child) |
Positive Outcome: Confidence Negative Outcome: Spoiled |
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Humanistic Perspective |
People have the ability to control their lives and to achieve what they desire when they focus on their positive qualities. |
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The Five Factor-Model of Personality(Trait Perspective) |
This theory describes the main dimensions of personality. •Each of the five personality factors represents a range between two extremes. –Openness –Conscientiousness –Extraversion –Agreeableness –Neuroticism (emotional instability) |
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Openness |
related to liberal values, open minded, tolerance, excitement seeking, adventurous, fantasy, creativity. |
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Conscientiousness |
related to impulse control, thoughtfulness, goal directed behavior, responsibility, respect, careful, consideration, discipline, achieving striving. |
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Extraversion |
related to involvement in social activities, energetic, emotional expressiveness, talkativeness. |
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Agreeableness |
related to generosity, altruism, trust, modesty, prosocial attitudes, kindness, affection. |
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Neuroticism |
related to emotional instability, moodiness, anxiety, depression, vulnerability, impulsiveness, irritability, hostility, anger, sadness. |
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Social Cognitive Perspective |
Views that emphasizes conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations and goals. |
