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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
developmental psychology
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study of people across a life span
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socialization
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the processes by which children learn the behaviors, attitudes, and expectations required of them by their society or culture
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maturation
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the sequential unfolding of genetically influenced behavior and characteristics
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germinal, embryonic, fetal stages
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germinal - begins at fertilization, sperm unites with ovum
embryonic - 2 weeks to 8 weeks fetal - the rest of the pregnacy where the baby grows |
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zygote
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the fertilized single-celled egg
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fetus
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the baby inside the womb before it is born
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fetal alcohol syndrome
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low birth weight, a smaller brain, facial deformities, lack of coordination, and mental retardation
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motor reflexes
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automatic behaviors that are necessary for survival
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contact comfort
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in primates, the innate pleasure derived from close physical contact; it is the basis of the infant's first attachment
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separation anxiety
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the distress most children develop, at about 6 to 8 months of age, when their primary caregivers temporarily leave them with strangers
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Strange Situation
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experiment to see the reaction of the baby when if played with its mother, a stranger, and alone
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secure, avoidant, and anxious-ambivalent attachment
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secure - baby cries when parent leaves, but then goes back to playing when they come back
avoidant - not caring if the mother is there or not anxious-ambivalent - resisting contact with mother at reunion, but not happy when she leaves |
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language
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a system that combines meaningless elements such as sounds or gestures to form structured utterances that convey meaning
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"parentese"
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adult use of baby talk
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telegraphic speech
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a child's first word combinations, which omit unnecessary words
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surface structure
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the way the sentence is actually spoken or signed
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syntax
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grammatical rules
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deep structure
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how the sentence is to be understood
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universal grammar
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a child's brain is sensitive to the core features common to all languages
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overregularizations
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a baby's version of a sentence like "goed" and "heared"
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Jean Piaget
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Swiss psychologist (1896-1980)
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assimilation
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ex. German shepherds and terriers are both in the "category" dogs
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accomodation
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ex. cats are not in the "category" dogs
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sensorimotor stage
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infant learns through concrete actions
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object permanence
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the understanding, which develops throughout the first year, that an object continues to exist even when you cannot see it or touch it
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preoperational stage
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the child's use of symbols and language accelerates
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mental operations
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a train of thought that can be run backward or forward
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egocentric thinking
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children see the world only from their own frame of reference and cannot imagine that others see things differently
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conservation
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the understanding that the physical properties of objects - such as the number of items in a cluster or the amount of liquid in a glass - can remain the same even when their form or appearance changes
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concrete operations stage
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children increasingly become able to take other people's perspectives and they make fewer logical errors
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