Psy Exam 1 - Ch. 2

Front 1

Goal contemporary biological psychology is to study

Back 1

the link between biological activity and psychological events

ex. what areas of brain are responsible for ability to perceieve human faces?

Front 2

Phrenology

Back 2

*assumption emotion, thoughts, are LOCALIZED IN DIFF PARTS OF BRAIN AREAS.

-popular but wrongheaded theory that claimed bumps on skull could reveal mental abilities and character traits like desire to have children

-ex. mark twain

Front 3

Neural communication occurs with

Back 3

sensory neurons

motor neurons

Front 4

Sensory neurons

Back 4

carry messages from bodys tissues and sensory organs inward to brain and spinal cord for processing

Front 5

Motor neurons

Back 5

carry messages from the brain and out to the bodys tissues

Front 6

Donut example:

Back 6

-see donut

-taken into brain by sensory neurons

-gets kicked backed into motor neurons and thats why you drool & want it

Front 7

Dendrites

Back 7

-receive messages from other cells

-ears for cell body

-get info and conduct into the cell body

-ears that hear gossip

Front 8

Axon

Back 8

-pass msg away from cell body to other neurons, muscles, or organs

-the mouth that spreads gossip

Front 9

Cell body

Back 9

the cell's life support center

Front 10

Neural impulse

Back 10

-action potential

-electrical signal traveling down the axon

Front 11

Terminal branches of axon

Back 11

-end/tail of body

-forms junctions with other cells

Front 12

Myelin sheath

Back 12

-fluid covers axon so dont lose action potential

-helps speed neural impulses

-making connections (ex. baby roll, sit, crawl, walk, run)

Front 13

Acetylcholine (ACh) function and ex

Back 13

-enables muscle action, learning and memory

-alzheimers disese, ACh-producing neurons deteriorate (become worse)

Front 14

Dopamine function and ex

Back 14

-influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion

-excess dopamine receptor activity = linked to schizophrenia.

-starved dopa = decrease mobility of parkison's disease (old man who cant walk but ride bike)

Front 15

Serotonin function and ex

Back 15

-affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal

-under-supply = depression

Front 16

What drug raises serotonin (depression levels)

Back 16

prozac

Front 17

Main components to a neuron

Back 17

1. dendrites

2. axon

3. myelin sheath

Front 18

Somatic nervous system

Back 18

-enables voluntary control of skeletal muscles

-take notes so pick up pencil

Front 19

Autonomic nervous system

Back 19

-controls our glands and the muscles of our internal organs

-something that control your body automatically (heart beat) and you can override it by breathing slowly

Front 20

Two systems of autonomic nervous system

Back 20

1. sympathetic system

2. parasympathetic system

Front 21

Sympathetic system

Back 21

expands energy -- accelerates heart rate, raises blood pressure (fight or flight)

Front 22

Parasympathetic system

Back 22

conserves energy -- decelerates heart rate, lowers blood pressure (rest and digest, calm down)

Front 23

Example of somatic nervous system

Back 23

"i'm gonna take notes"

-so picks up pencil

-action

Front 24

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Back 24

procedure for inducing temporary lesions in which a magnetic field is passed over a particular brain region

Front 25

2 neuroimaging techniques

Back 25

1. electroencephalogram (EEG)

2. functional magnetic resonance imagingin (fMRI)

Front 26

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Back 26

provides amplified tracings of waves of electrical activity in brain

Front 27

Functional magnetic resonance imagingin (fMRI)

Back 27

detects changes in blood oxygenation in diff brain regions

Front 28

Ex of fMRI:

Back 28

Lying = more blood flow

so you can see if they're lying or telling the truth by seeing how much blood there is in specific areas

Front 29

2 hemispheres to brain are

Back 29

right and left

Front 30

Amygdale is linked to

Back 30

emotion (mainly fear, aggression)

Front 31

Hippocampus is linked to

Back 31

memory

Front 32

Corpus callosum

Back 32

axon fibers connection two cerebral hemispheres

Front 33

Thalamus

Back 33

-relays messages between lower brain centers and cerebral cortex

-recieve info from all senese (EXCEPT SMELL) and routes it to higher brain regions

(ex- eyes to cortical areas for vision)

Front 34

Hypothalamus

Back 34

controls maintenance functions such as eating; helps govern endocrine system; linked to emotion and reward

Front 35

Pituitary

Back 35

master endocrine gland

Front 36

Reticular formation

Back 36

-helps control arousal

-filters incoming stimuli from spinal cord and relay info to other areas of brain

Front 37

Medulla

Back 37

-controls heartbeat and breathing

-controls involuntary functions (such as above)

Front 38

Spinal cord

Back 38

pathway for neural fibers traveling to and from brain; controls simple reflexes

Front 39

Cerebellum

Back 39

-coordinates voluntary movement and balance

-"little brain" and is attached to rear of brainstem

-plays role in learning motor skills

Front 40

Cerebral cortex

Back 40

ultimate control and information processing center

Front 41

Older brain structures drives (4)

Back 41

- the brainstem

-the thalamus

-the cerebellum

-the limbic system

Front 42

Limbic System contains (3)

Back 42

-amygdale

-hippcampus

-hypothalamus

Front 43

Brainstem contain (2)

Back 43

-reticular formation

-medulla

Front 44

What's the 4 "F's" that hypothalamus regulates

Back 44

1. fighting

2. fleeing

3. feeding

4. reproduction

Front 45

The cerebral cortex mass, thick and is ...

Back 45

mass = 2/3 of brain total mass

thick = 2mm deep layer

extremely complex (convoluted)

Front 46

4 lobes brain are divided into called

Back 46

1. occipital

2. temporal

3. parietal

4.frontal

Front 47

4 lobes of brain separated by

Back 47

prominent fissures

Front 48

occipital lobes invovles and contain

Back 48

-vision

-visual cortex

Front 49

temporal lobes involves and containes

Back 49

- hearing, understand language, storing autobiographical memories

-auditory cortex

Front 50

parietal lobes involves and contains

Back 50

-sensations of touch, pain, temperature

-somatosensory cortex

Front 51

Wernickes Area

Back 51

-spans region between left temporal and parietal lobes

-associated with processing of words that we hear being spoken or language inputs

Front 52

frontal lobes invovles and contains

Back 52

-motor function, language, and memory

-executive functions

Front 53

the parietal cortext or "sensory cortex" can receive info from

Back 53

skin surface and sense organs

Front 54

Broca's area

Back 54

-frontal lobe, usually in left hemphisphere

-associated with production of language or language outputs

Front 55

the motor cortex is the rear at the rear of the .... that controls

Back 55

-frontal lobes

-voluntary movements

Front 56

Who mapped motor cortex in wide awake patients by stimulating different cortical areas and observing the bodys response?

Back 56

Wilder Penfield

Front 57

What are found in all 4 lobes

Back 57

association areas

Front 58

Association areas are responsible for

Back 58

integrating info, linking sensory inputs with stores memories (found in all 4 lobes)

Front 59

Brocas areaand Wernickes area are connected by

Back 59

large bundle of nerve fibers called arcuate fasciculus

Front 60

The brainstem is the ...

and responsible for

Back 60

-oldest and innermost region of the brain

-respsonsible for primitive functions like heart beat and breathing

Front 61

Limbic system is associated with...

and drives

Back 61

-emotions

-memory formations

Front 62

Cerebral cortex is .... that...

Back 62

-convoluted mass

-enables higher-level functions, including perceiving, thinking, and speaking