Psy Chapter 10: Gender And Behavior

Front 1

Gender stereotypes

Back 1

the widely shared beliefs about males' adn females' abilities, personality traits, and social behavior

Front 2

Androcentrism

Back 2

the belief that the male is the norm

Front 3

Meta-analysis

Back 3

a technique that ombines the statistical results of many studies of the same question, yielding an estimate of the size and consistency of a variable's efects

Front 4

Agression

Back 4

involves behavior that is intended to hurt somsone either physically or verbally

Front 5

Conformity

Back 5

Involves yielding to real or imagined social pressure

Front 6

Social Role Theory

Back 6

Asserts that minor gender differences are exaggerated by the different social roles that males and females occupy (Alice Eagly)

Front 7

Social Constructionism

Back 7

asserts that individuals construct their own reality based on societal ecpectations, conditioning, and self-socialization

Front 8

Cerebral hemispheres

Back 8

are the right and left hales of the cerebrum, which is the convoluted outer layer of the brain.

Front 9

Hormones

Back 9

chemical substances released into the blood stream by endocrine glands

Front 10

Socialization

Back 10

is the acquisition of the norms and roles expected of people in a particular society

Front 11

Gender Roles

Back 11

are cultural expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each gender.

Front 12

Gender schemas

Back 12

are cognigive structures that guide processing of gender-relevant information

Front 13

Role expectations for males

Back 13

achievement, agression, autonomy, sexuality, and stoicism

Front 14

Homophobia

Back 14

the intense fear and intolerance of homosexuality

Front 15

Role expectations for Females

Back 15

the marriage mandate, the motherhood mandate

Front 16

Sexism

Back 16

is discrimination against peope on the basis of their gender

Front 17

Gender role identity

Back 17

is a person's identification with the qualities regarded as masculine or feminine

Front 18

Androgyny

Back 18

refers to the coexistence of both masculine and feminine personality traits in a single person

Front 19

The gender-role transcendence perspective

Back 19

proposes that to be fully human, people need to move beyond gender roles as a way of organizing their perceptions of themselves and others (Sandra Bem)

Front 20

Instrumental style

Back 20

focuses on reaching practical goals and finding solutions to problems

Front 21

Expressive style

Back 21

is characterized by being able to express tender emotions easily and being sensitive to the feelings of others

Front 22

Taken as a whole, gender differences in verbal abilities are:

Back 22

small and favor females

Front 23

Among the following traits, the largest gender differences are found in:

Back 23

a) verbal abilities
b) matematical abilities
C) physical agression
d) conformity

Front 24

Which of the following statements about gender differences is false?

Back 24

a) males have higher self-esteem than females.
b) males are more physically agressive than females.
c) females are more likely to yield to group pressure.
D) women talk more than men

Front 25

Of the 3 biologically based explanations for gender differences, which has the strongest support?

Back 25

hormones

Front 26

4-yr old Rachel seems to pay particular attention to what her mother and older sister do, and she often imitates them. What is taking place?

Back 26

Observational learning

Front 27

Parents tend to respond more to ____ behavior, especially in ______.

Back 27

gender inappropriate; boys.

Front 28

Whih of the folowing statements about peer socialization is true?

Back 28

Peer groups appear to influence gender-role socialization in boys more than girls.

Front 29

Which of the following is not a problem with the male role?

Back 29

Androgyny

Front 30

Which of the following is not a problem with the female role?

Back 30

poor non-verbal communication skills

Front 31

According to Deborah Tannen, exhibiting knowledge and sill to get and keep the attention of others is ____, where as displaying similarities and matching experiences with others is ____.

Back 31

Report-talk; rapport-talk

Front 32

Sandra Bem

Back 32

Challenged "masculinity" and "feminity". ARgued that traditionally masculine men and feminine women feel complled to adhere to rigid and narrow gender roles. Androgyny, and gender role transcendence.

Front 33

Alice Eagly

Back 33

Developed the social role theory (see notecard) People come to associate such role-related behaviors with individuals of a given gender, not with the roles they play. People come to see nurturing as a female trait rather than a characteristic that anyone in a nurturing role would demonstrate

Front 34

Janet Shibley Hyde

Back 34

She found no gender differences across all types of verbal tests and within several specific verbal areas. Found out that girls usually start speaking earlier than boys. Thus on the whole, gender differences in verbal ability are small; however, there do some to be a few differences that favor females.

Front 35

Joseph Pleck

Back 35

Role expectations for males. He considers antifeminitty to be the central theme that runes through the male gender role

Front 36

Deborah Tannen

Back 36

Males and females are socialized different. Males learn the language of status and independence while females learn connection and intimacy. She likens male/female communications to othe "cross cultural" communications- full of opportunities and misunderstandings. (Instrumental and expressive styles see notecard)