Psy 395 Exam 1

Front 1

What are the criteria for behavior to be considered abnormal?

Back 1

the four Ds;deviance;distress;dysfunction;dangerousness

Front 2

the four Ds

Back 2

criteria for abnormal behavior;deviance;distress;dysfunction;dangerousness

Front 3

problem with defining abnormal behavior as “deviance”

Back 3

norms change over time;and differ between cultures

Front 4

problem with defining ab behav as “distress”

Back 4

distress is not always disordered; like grief or guilt;and some ab behav doesn’t cause distress

Front 5

problem with defining ab behav as “Dysfunction”

Back 5

subjectivity; Susan B Anthony was certainly dysfunctional, in terms of getting thrown in prison and stuff

Front 6

problem with defining ab behav as “dangerousness”

Back 6

it’s actually good;but dangerousness is the exception, not the rule;and harming self or others isn’t always a sign of mental illness

Front 7

Szasz’s main argument against “mental illness”

Back 7

the problem is social or ethical; it forces you to accept dualism;it allows you to take away another’s freedom or otherwise discriminate against them

Front 8

A brief history of mental illness

Back 8

ancient societies attributed evil spirits;greeks and romans had imbalanced humors;middle ages had the supernatural again;renaissance started psychpathology and got to humane treatment;19th century saw modern psychology;20th got to some bio explanations and medicine

Front 9

mental illness in ancient societies

Back 9

evil spirits!

Front 10

mental illness in greece and rome

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imbalance of humors

Front 11

mental illness in middle ages

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back to supernatural ********

Front 12

mental illness in renaissance

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advent of idea of psychopathology;start of asylum idea

Front 13

mental illness in 19th century

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modern psychology ideas; mental hospitals where people could be free of stressors

Front 14

mental illness in 20th century

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bio explanations;medicine;deinstitutionalization

Front 15

three main types of research designs

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case study;correlational method;experimental method

Front 16

pros of case study method

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super ideographic;can be only way to study rare phenomenon

Front 17

cons of case study method

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not at all nomothetic;low internal validity;low external validity

Front 18

internal validiity

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the degree to which the study rules out other possible causes

Front 19

external validity

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the degree to which the study results can be generalized to other people and contexts

Front 20

pros of corelational method

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high external validity;easy replication

Front 21

cons of correlational method

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can’t prove causation;lacks internal validity;lacks richness and detail of case study

Front 22

pros of experimental method

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high internal validity

Front 23

cons of experimental method

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trades external validity for high internal validity;can be difficult or unethical

Front 24

quasi-experimental design

Back 24

just like experimental method, but you don’t have random assignment to groups;(like when you look at two preexisting populations

Front 25

the dodo’s verdict

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idea that competing psychotheraputic models produce pretty much the same results and are equally effective

Front 26

models of abnormality

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bio;psychodynamic (psychoanalytic);behavioral;cognitive

Front 27

diathesis-stress model

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nature and nuture work together to cause ab psych;you need to have the genetic predisposition;and an environmental stressor

Front 28

bio model treatment

Back 28

drugs!;ECT;psychosurgery;beware of side effects

Front 29

gist of psychodynamic model

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you have internal conflicts;possibly due to repression;ab functioning stems from not being able to handle the conflicts;you have defense mechanisms

Front 30

psychdynamic defense mechanism

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repression;intellectualization;projection;denial

Front 31

psychodynamic treatment

Back 31

make the unconscious conscious;work through interpretation of transferrence, resistance;dreams;free association

Front 32

gist of behavioral model

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we learned poorly;and can be fixed through learning adaptive behavior to replace problematic behavior

Front 33

types of learning

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classical conditioning;operant conditioning;modeling

Front 34

difference between clasical and operant

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classical is pavlov (associations);operant is skinner (manipulation of consequence of actions)

Front 35

who is behind psychodynamic model?

Back 35

Freud

Front 36

who is behind behavioral model?

Back 36

pavlov and skinner

Front 37

who is behind cognitive model?

Back 37

aaron beck

Front 38

gist of cognitive model

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illogical thinking causes misery;a cognitive process defines the feeling one associates with the event; beck called them cognitive distortions

Front 39

cognitive therapy tools

Back 39

record chart -- write down situatoin, the emotion, think about automatic feelings that go along with it

Front 40

humanistic model’s three necessary things

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UPR; genuineness;conditions of worth

Front 41

gist of humanistic model

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you place conditions of worth on yourself;leading to conflict between your ideal self and your real self

Front 42

humanisitic therapy

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give UPR;be empathic;use reflectoins;be genuine

Front 43

Main purposes of clinical assessment

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description;prediction

Front 44

DSM axes

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most clinical symptoms;mr and personality disorders;medical conditions;psychosocial stressors;GAF - global assessment of functioning

Front 45

assessment via clinical interview

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often only tool used;may be structured (specific questions) or not, to get a better picture of the person

Front 46

assessment via observatoins

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checking out their appearance, characteristics, mood, affect (and is it appropriate), their thought processes, social skills

Front 47

projective hypothesis

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idea that if you give people ambiguous stuff, they’ll project their feelings upon it;rorschach;thematic apperception;

Front 48

physiology of anxiety disorders

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subject has a “fear-like” response in absence of appropriate trigger;may have nausea, headaches, etc, to go along with increased heartrate and breathing, and so on

Front 49

Anxiety syndroms

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panic disorder;generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Front 50

Subcategories of phobias

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specific phobia (this is the actual name of the category);social phobia

Front 51

symptoms of PTSD

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persistent re-experiencing;avoidance of triggers or social engagement;increased phys arousal

Front 52

behavioral perspective:;process for anxiety disorders

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stage 1 - classical conditioning of stressor and stress;stage 2 - avoidance of situations leads to operant conditioning after avoidance causes lessening of stress

Front 53

anxiety and neurotransmitters

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GABA (the inhibitory one);norep;serotonin

Front 54

mmpi - describe

Back 54

500+ self-statements;answer true, false, cannot say;ranked according to 10 scales;was remade in 1989 to be more culturally competent;

Front 55

somatogenic v. psychogenic

Back 55

somatogenic: biological disorder;this is szasz’s thing, kinda

Front 56

Existential model

Back 56

it’s up to people to give meaning to their lives;which is daunting;leading people to live unauthentic lives