Psy 383 Chapter 7

Front 1

Agnosia

Back 1

Relatively selective disruption of the ability to process a particular kind of semantic information

Front 2

Amnesia

Back 2

memory loss

Front 3

Anterograde Amnesia

Back 3

Severe loss of the ability to form new episodic and semantic memories (anterograde = after)

Front 4

Association Cortex

Back 4

Cortex that are involved in associating information within and across modalities

Front 5

Basal Forebrain

Back 5

A collection of structures that lie at the base of the brain. Include nucleus basalis and medial sptal nuclei

Front 6

Confabulation

Back 6

highly detailed, false memories

Front 7

consolidation period

Back 7

A time window during which new memories are vulnerable and easily lost

Front 8

cued recall

Back 8

you are given some kind of a prompt or clue to the correct answer

Front 9

declarative memory

Back 9

Includes both episodic and semantic memory, easy to verbalize or communicate your knowledge

Front 10

depth-of-process effect

Back 10

deeper processing at encoding of new information improves the ability to remember that information later

Front 11

diencephalon

Back 11

Are near the core of the brain, just above the brainstem, that includes the thalamus, the hypothalamus and the mammillary bodies

Front 12

directed forgetting

Back 12

when information is forgotten on command

Front 13

elctroconvulsive shock

Back 13

a brief pulse of electricity passed through the brain via electrodes on each side of the head

Front 14

episodic memory

Back 14

A memory for a specific autobiographical event

Front 15

explicit memory

Back 15

episodic and semantic information is consciously accessible or explicit (you know that you know)

Front 16

false memory

Back 16

memories of events that never actually happened

Front 17

fornix

Back 17

part of the basal forebrain and diencephalon connect with the hippocampus via an arch-like fiber bundle called the fornix.

Front 18

free recall

Back 18

simpled asked an open-ended question and you supply the answer from memory

Front 19

frontal cortex

Back 19

those regions of cortex that lie within the frontal lobes, may help determine what information we store (or remember) and what information we don't store (therefore forget)

Front 20

Functional amnesia

Back 20

sudden, massive retrograde memory loss that seems to result from psychological causes

Front 21

hippocampus

Back 21

part of the medial termporal lobe

Front 22

implicit memory

Back 22

memory that you may not be aware you've acquired

Front 23

interference

Back 23

when two memories overlap in content, the strength of either or both memories may be reduced

Front 24

korsakoff's disease

Back 24

a condition caused by a deficiency in thiamine (a B-vitamin) that sometimes accompanies chronic alcohol abuse

Front 25

medial temporal lobes

Back 25

inner (or medial) surfaces of the temporal lobes

Front 26

misattribution

Back 26

occurs when we remember information but mistakenly associate it with an incorrect source

Front 27

mnemonics

Back 27

techniques that make information easier to memorize

Front 28

multiple memory trace theory

Back 28

episodic memories are encoded by an ensemble of hippocampus and cortical networks, and the cortical networks never, in normal circumstances, become fully independent of the hippocampal networks

Front 29

nondeclarative memory

Back 29

memories that are not always easy to communicate, skill learning is one kind of nondeclarative memory

Front 30

proactive interference

Back 30

Process, whereby old information can disrupt new learning

Front 31

recognition

Back 31

picking a correct answer from a list of possible options

Front 32

retroactive interference

Back 32

process, whereby new information can disrupt old learning

Front 33

retrograde amnesia

Back 33

loss of memories for events that occurred after the injury

Front 34

Ribot Gradient

Back 34

retrograde memory loss is worse for events that occurred shortly before the injury than for events that occurred in the distant past.

Front 35

semantic memory

Back 35

memories of facts and general knowledge about the world, as well as for personal information such as your own name and favorite food

Front 36

sensory cortex

Back 36

Cortical areas that specialize in one kind of sensory information are often grouped under the heading as sensory cortex

Front 37

source amnesia

Back 37

when we remember information but cannot remember the source at all.

Front 38

standard consolidation theory

Back 38

holds that the hippocampus and related medial temporal lobe structures are required for the initial storage and retrieval of an episodic memory but that their contribution diminishes over time until the cortex is capable of retrieving the memory without hippocampal help

Front 39

transfer-appropriate processing effect

Back 39

refers to the finding that retrieval is more likely to be successful if that cues available at recall are similar to those that were available at encoding

Front 40

transient global amnesia

Back 40

temporary disruption of memory