Psy 233 Test 4

Front 1

How is Kelly's theory organized

Back 1

phenomenology theory - study of intact conscious experiences
cognitive theory - emphasis mental processes/how we interpret events
existential theory - meaning of those events to us
humanistic theory - ability for self-improvement

Front 2

What is constructive alternativism?

**How is it related to Vaihinger and Adler?

Back 2

free to construe reality anyway you wish. no one is bound by biography

Front 3

What is the fundamental postulate?

Back 3

a persons processes are psychologically channelized by the way in which we anticipate events

--translation: psychological processes improve one's predictions about the future

Front 4

What are the 11 corollaries?

Back 4

1. construction
2. individuality
3. organization
4. dichotomy
5. choice
6. range
7. experience
8. modulation
9. fragmentation
10. commonality
11. sociality

Front 5

What is Kelly's model of the human being?

Back 5

people as scientists - a construct is like a mini scientific theory.
main goal in life is to reduce uncertainty by making predictions about reality

Front 6

What are Kelly's interpretations of traditional psychological constructs?

Back 6

motivation
..jackass theories - we move because we want to
..push/pitchfork - prodded/pushed into action
..pull/carrot - tempted/pulled into action
anxiety - awareness that an event lies otuside the range f convenience one's construct system
hostility - forces validation of an invalid construct (arguing when you know you're wrong - bad)
aggression - extending a construct (go where no one has gone before -- good!!)
guilt - acting inconsistently from one's core role structure
threat - a comprehensive change in one's core structures (core structures lost validity)
fear - a minor change in one's construct system

Front 7

What were Kelly's research emphases and methods?

Back 7

idiographic -
it values narratives
credulous attitude

Front 8

Explain the Role Construct Repertory Test

Back 8

2 steps:
1. generate a list of 22 names important people in one's life
2. group in 3 and describe how 2 are similar and 1 is different

Front 9

Kelly

Contributions

Back 9

emphasized cognition
applied value

Front 10

Kelly

Criticisms

Back 10

limited empirical research
important aspects of personality neglected/denied
difficulty in predicting behavior
many unanswered questions

Front 11

Rogers

What is the master motive?

Back 11

Actualization Tendency:

basically to stay alive and grow/improve

"to actualize, maintain, and enhance the experiencing organism"

Front 12

Rogers

What is the organismic valuing principle?

Back 12

What you're using to evaluate something

Front 13

Rogers

What is the phenomenological field?

Back 13

private reality. each person has their own field.

Front 14

Rogers

What is phenomenological reality?

Back 14

1

Front 15

Rogers

Distinguish experience from awareness

Back 15

experience - events that COULD enter field, can experience things you're not aware of.

awareness - events that DO enter field and are symbolized

Front 16

Rogers

Explain the emergence of the self

Back 16

the part of the field that is personalized (I, my, mine, me, etc)
--your self concept

Front 17

Rogers

What is positive regard?

Back 17

warmth, love, care, respect, acceptance

Front 18

Rogers

What is an incongruent person?

Back 18

state of discrepancy or disharmony

Front 19

Rogers

Explain the conditions of worth, conditional positive regard, and need for self regard

Back 19

cond of worth - circumstances to receive positive regard "You're only good when.."

cond positive regard: "I love you when.." leads to incongruent person, anxeity

self regard: need to view one's self positively

Front 20

Rogers

What results when an experience threatens the existing self-structure?

Back 20

anxiety

Front 21

Rogers

What is subception?

Back 21

being dimly aware of experience (before it enters field and gets symbolized)

Front 22

Rogers

Explain defensiveness, including denial and distortion

Back 22

defense - become defensive when dimly aware and subception happens and we don't like it

..denial: deny/ reject experience all together - will not become symbolized
..distortion - falsified. not denying all together but making it better fit self concept (calling a 58% a low D)

Front 23

Rogers

What is unconditional positive regard?

Back 23

not circumstantial. always positive regard "I love you always even if.."

Front 24

Rogers

What is a congruent person?

Back 24

state of consistency or harmony

Front 25

Rogers

What are the characteristics of the fully functioning person?

Back 25

one who is congruent. open to experiences, existential living (here& now/in the moment), trust in one self, using the organismic valuing process

Front 26

Rogers

Back 26

1

Front 27

Rogers

What are the conditions for positive growth?

Back 27

1

Front 28

Rogers

What are typical responses to emotional communication?

what type of emotional response captures the underlying feeling and encourages further elaboration and exploration?

1

Back 28

1

Front 29

Rogers

What were Roger's research emphases and methods?

1

Back 29

1

Front 30

Rogers

What is the q-sort technique?

Back 30

developed by William Stevenson. 100 cards, sort cards into order of real self, then into order of ideal self.

Front 31

Rogers

Contributions

Back 31

alternative, positive view of humans
new form of therapy
applied value

Front 32

Rogers

Criticisms

Back 32

overly simplistic and optimistic approach
failure to credit those who influenced theory
aspects of personality ignored (unconscious mind)

Front 33

Maslow

What is Third Force Psychology?

Back 33

Humanistic Psychology

Front 34

Maslow

What is Second and First Force Psychology?

Back 34

2nd - behaviorism

1st - psychoanalysis

Front 35

Maslow

What does humanistic psychology explore and expand on?

Back 35

healthy functioning
creativity
love/play
spontaneity
personal growth
higher levels of consciousness

Front 36

Maslow

What types of needs related to motivation?

Back 36

basic (deficiency) needs: lacking them, looking for what we are lacking

metaneeds (growth needs) - have basic needs met, only about 1% of humans

Front 37

Maslow

What are the levels in the need hierarchy?

Back 37

Self Actualization
^^metaneeds

Esteem
Belongingness and Love
Safety
Physiological

^^basic needs

Front 38

Maslow

What are the reasons for why only 1% of humans reach the top of the hierarchy?

1

Back 38

1

Front 39

Maslow

What are the B-realm and the D-realm?

Back 39

B-realm: B-cognition is a passive unfolding of life.
B-love in non-possessive, insatiable.
(B is Better)

D-realm: need-directed perception
D-love is possessive, selfish

Front 40

Maslow

What are transpersonal psychology and positive psychology?

Back 40

"fourth force", centered in the cosmos rather than in human needs/interests, seeking mystical , spiritual, or peak experiences

Flow, here and now, positive experiences

Front 41

Maslow

How does positive psychology differ from humanistic psychology?

goals of positive psych?
explain character and virtues.

Back 41

positive experiences. why is one moment better than another?
FLOW (ex- video games)

goals?

character strengths - 24
virtues - 6

Front 42

Maslow

Contributions

Back 42

vastly increased psychology's domain
(emphasis on healthy individuals)
applied value

Front 43

Maslow

Criticisms

Back 43

too many exceptions
unscientific approach
overly optimistic about human nature
several unanswered gestures

Front 44

May

What is existentialism?

Back 44

humans as neutral. not good or evil (like the ID)

Front 45

May

What are phenomenology and ontology?

Back 45

Phen- study of what is in human consciousness. consciousness as subject matter

Onto- study of existence, what it means to be. "what does it mean to be human? a particular human?" people's essence

Front 46

May

What is dasein, and what are the modes of existence?

Back 46

dasein - being in the world. a particular person at a particular place at a particular time.

umwelt - physical aspects internal/external environment (nature)
mitwelt - realm of relationships
eignwelt - consciousness

Front 47

May

What is the human dilemma?

Back 47

capable of viewing themselves as object and subject at the same time

Front 48

May

What are the human potentials and the ground of existence?

Back 48

authenticity & authentic life - exercises free will, establish growth, minimize anxiety

ground of existence/thrownness - no control of traits (race, birth, death, natural disasters)

Front 49

May

What are the types of anxiety and guilt?

Back 49

normal anxiety - growth process. normal. shouldnt be eliminated
neurotic anxiety - seeking security, conforming to get rid of anxiety, give up freedom/opp for growth

normal guilt - healthy existence and can be constructive
neurotic guilt - not dealt with normal guilt.

Front 50

May

What is the diamonic?
1

Back 50

1

Front 51

May

What are the types of love?

Back 51

sex - biological drive "build up of tensions and release"

eros - desire to form union with another. tender, creative.

philia - brotherly love

agape - unselfish giving of oneself to another. (mother)

Front 52

May

What are the components intentionality?

Back 52

wish - imaginative playing with the possibility of something occurring. ponder course of action

will - the capacity to organize oneself so movement to a goal can happen. from possibilities one chooses meaningful ones and organizes it so goal can be attained

Front 53

May

What were May's research emphasis and methods?

goal of psychotherapy?
importance of myth?

Back 53

new science of humans - animal research in irrelevant. does nt reduce us to traits, brain, events, or experiences. -- takes freedom in account

goal - not to eliminate anxiety, but make it normal not neurotic
importance - making sense in a a senseless world, patterns that give meaning

Front 54

May

Contributions

Back 54

call for human science
important new way of conceptualizing personality

Front 55

May

Criticisms

Back 55

philosophy not psychology
unscientific approach
nebulous terminology