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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Subjective vs. Objective |
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Top-Down vs. Bottom-up |
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Illusions |
importance: way to investigate subjective nature of perception, way to study top-down and bottom-up, shows bias |
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Gestalt Principles |
-organizing of perceptual system -"the whole is greater than the sum of the parts" -types: continuity, inclusiveness, proximity, similarity, closure |
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Perceptual Array |
patterns of how you see, feel, hear life |
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Optic Flow |
as you move, that pattern changes and develops |
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Invariant |
structure in the array of perceptual info that specifies the state of the world |
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Affordance |
relationship of self to the environment that enables action ex: visual cliff example: relation of self to environment body sized relationship, the moving room |
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Pattern Recognition Theory: Template Matching |
-compare retina images to templates -have stored templates for known objects -closest match template is what object is problems: different shaped objects, objects in different orientations, partial objects |
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Pattern Recognition Theory: Feature Analysis |
Objects defined as: a set of features put together in an organization -people see features of objects Problems: more complex objects have features that are harder to identify |
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Pattern Recognition Theory: Structural Theory |
-Various systems for noting components of objects **simple volumes: boxes, tubes, cones -combine volumes for objects -Geons (Biederman): we see objects as combinations of volumes -people recognize partial objects if gens are recognizable Problems: Orientation does matter, patterns recognized by motion- no geons needed |
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prosopagnosia |
lack of ability to recognize faces
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Agnosia |
lack of ability to visually recognize objects |
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Point light displays |
Gunnar and Johansson Recognition from motion -people recognize objects by how they move |
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Selective Attention |
information in --> but we can only focus on one thing |
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Cocktail party effect |
that you can hear your name in a crowded room when you are not in that conversation |
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Dichotic Listening |
play one thing in one ear and another thing in the other ear -have participant focus on one sound |
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Shadowing |
listening and repeating one of the tracks -attended channel of info **can follow but more difficult |
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Unattended channel
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the one you're supposed to ignore -you can't know much about it but you do get some of its messages |
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Subliminal |
even if i attempt to I cannot bring it to attention |
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Early filter model of attention |
Broadbent: tracking info done by physical features attention selection then pattern recognition Unattended info: nothing gets in unless it gets your attention problems: incorrect, people don't follow the physical features they follow the semantic content (which is only supposed to come after attention) |
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Late filter model of attention |
channels get pattern recognition then we do attention selection all channels get pattern recognition and then you select a channel. other channels influence -other info is rapidly lost -impossible to reject -importance of unconscious procession |
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Capacity model of attention |
attention has a limited capacity -can track one channel well, multiple channels not as well arousal limits attention practice makes task automatic |
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Change Blindness attentional blink |
difficulty noticing change in environment ex: gray screen flicker paradigm -second of two targets cannot be detected when it appears close to the first ex: gradual change |
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Inattentional blindness |
divided attention task in complex situation creates a failure to notice other things divided: multiple sets of basketball player focused: counting passes by one set blindness: do not see umbrella lady |
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perceptual load |
perception has limited capacity but operates in automated, involuntary manner on all info within its capacity |
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serial memory processing |
attending to one thing at a time
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parallel processing |
attending and processing multiple items at one time |
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visual scanning |
ability to find relevant information in our surroundings quickly and efficiently |
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Change blindness |
difficulty noticing change in environment flicker paradigm illusion of awareness |
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Flicker paradigm |
importance of gray screen -re-writes the sensory store so you are recreating the scene overtime you see it |
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Capacity Theory |
not aware of everything in environment -inattentional blindness -change blindness -illusion of awareness argues against late selection theory -not all stimuli receive pattern recognition |
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Trainman's feature-integration theory |
features registered early, automatically, and in parallel (all at once), while objects are identified separately and at a later stage in processing |
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sub-threshold perception |
unconscious -unattended -subliminal: even if i attempt i cannot bring to attention |
