Psy 201- Chapter 1

Front 1

psycho-analysis

Back 1

Based on Sigmund Freud's concept of the unconscious.
The unconscious plays an important role in controlling our day to day behaviors and thoughts.

Front 2

Behaviorism

Back 2

- John Watson
concepts should be studied scientifically.
observable factors and events

Front 3

Psycho-dynamic

Back 3

the role of the unconscious in controlling our everyday behaviors and thoughts.

Front 4

Humanistic

Back 4

-Carl Rogers/ Abraham Maslow
emphasizes on the human potential and free will

Front 5

Sociocultural

Back 5

explores social and cultural factors on our behaviors and thoughts.

Front 6

Bio psychology

Back 6

the biology underlying our behaviors and thoughts.

Front 7

cognitive

Back 7

focus on thoughts our cognitions themselves

Front 8

Evolutionary

Back 8

focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics that humans share.
Adaptive behaviors of survival

Front 9

Psychiatrist

Back 9

medical doctor that specializes in diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders;
Can prescribe medication

Front 10

Psychologist

Back 10

has a doctorate degree and works with either humans or animals in different areas of specialization.

Front 11

Scientific Method

Back 11

1. perceiving the question
2. forming a hypothesis
3. testing the hypothesis
4. drawing conclusions
5. report your results, and be able to replicate your research.

Front 12

Descriptive methods

Back 12

Naturalist Observation
Laboratory observation
Case studies
Surveys
Correlation Studies

Front 13

Naturalist Observation

Back 13

Naturalistic observation: observing subjects in their natural environment.
Cons: observer effect- subject does not respond the same while being watched.
participant observation- become a participant.
Observer bias- formed opinion on what is expected to see or happen.

Front 14

Laboratory Observation

Back 14

sometimes needed because of need of specialized equipment.
also the degree of control it gives the observer.

Front 15

Case Studies

Back 15

an individual is studied in great detail

Front 16

Surveys

Back 16

tremendous amount of data
can ask very personal questions
representative samples or representative of the population
Disadvantage- courtesy bias
people will lie so as not to offend someone.

Front 17

Correlation Studies

Back 17

a measure of the relationship between two or more variables.
positive- the same direction
negative-opposite
no correlation= 0.00

Front 18

The Experiment

Back 18

allows researchers to determine cause and behavior.

Front 19

Independent variable

Back 19

the variable being manipulated

Front 20

Dependent variable

Back 20

the response of the participants to the independent variable.

Front 21

control groups

Back 21

the group not being exposed to the independent variable.

Front 22

experimental group

Back 22

the group exposed to the independent variable

Front 23

Experimental Hazards

Back 23

Placebo effect: belief in the drug (sugar-pill)
experimenter effect: observers biased with expectations on outcome of experiment.

Front 24

Ethics

Back 24

1. rights and well being of participant
2. participants should make informed decisions on participation
3. deception must be justified; but debriefing must be performed after.
4. participants can withdraw any time.
5. must be protected from risks or informed explicitly of the risks.
6. data must be confidential.