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47 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

psychotherapy

therapy in which a trained therapist uses psychological techniques to assist someone seeking to overcome difficulties or achieve personal growth

biomedical therapy

a therapist offers prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology

eclectic approach

approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy

psychoanalysis


(Goals)

to bring patients repressed feelings into conscious awareness; to help patients release energy devoted to id-ego-superego conflicts

psychoanalysis


(Techniques)

historical reconstruction, initially through hypnosis and later through free association; interpretation of resistance, transference

resistance

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

interpretation

in psychoanalysis, the analysts noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other behaviors and events in order to promote insight

transference

in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships

psychodynamic therapy

therapeutic approach that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight

humanistic therapy

emphasis on people's potential for self-fulfillment; to give people new insights, to reduce inner conflicts that interfere with natural development and growth

insight therapy

aims to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defense

Rogers

client centered therapy


person-centered therapy that focuses on a person's conscious self-perceptions; active listening, positive regard

client-centered therapy

Carl Rogers, therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to promote client's growth

active listening

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies

unconditional positive regard

caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

behavior therapy

therapeutic approach that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

counterconditioning

behavior therapy that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors

exposure therapies

treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid (real or imagined situations)

systematic desensitization

associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety-triggering stimuli

virtual reality exposure therapy

treats anxiety by creative electronic simulations in which people can safely face their greatest fears

aversive conditioning

counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior

operant conditioning therapy

consequences drive behavior

behavior modification

the desired behavior is reinforced; undesired behavior is not reinforced and is sometimes ignored or punished

token economy

people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for privileges or treats

insight therapists

assume self-awareness and psychological well-being are complementary

psychodynamic therapists

expect people's problems lessen insight into unresolved and unconscious tensions gained

humanistic therapists

expect people's problems to lessen as they get in touch with their feelings

behavior therapists

assume problem behaviors are the problems

cognitive therapy

teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

Beck's therapy for depression

-gentle questioning seeks to reveal irrational thinking and then to persuade people to change their perceptions of their own and other's actions as dark, negative, pessimistic


-people are trained to recognize and modify negative self-talk

cognitive-behavioral therapy

integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)


group therapy

therapy conducted with groups, providing benefits from group interactin

family therapy

therapy that treats the family as a system, views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

client's perceptions

client self-reports indicate that psychotherapy is effective

clinician's perceptions

therapists are most aware of the failure of other therapists

3 benefits for psychotherapies

-hope for demoralized people


-new perspective for oneself and the world


-empathic, trusting, caring relationship

evidence-based practice

clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

antipsychotic drugs

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe though disorders

antianxiety drugs

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

antidepressant drugs

drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and PTSD.

electroconvulsive therapy


(ECT)

biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

vagus nerve stimulation

stimulates neck nerve that sends signals to limbic system; increases available serotonin by increasing firing rate of some neurons

deep brain stimulation

manipulates depressed brain via pacemaker; stimulates inhibition activity related to negative emotions and thoughts

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation


(rTMS)

application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

psychosurgery

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

lobotomy

psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients;


procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain

resilience

personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma