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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
psychotherapy |
therapy in which a trained therapist uses psychological techniques to assist someone seeking to overcome difficulties or achieve personal growth |
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biomedical therapy |
a therapist offers prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology |
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eclectic approach |
approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy |
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psychoanalysis (Goals) |
to bring patients repressed feelings into conscious awareness; to help patients release energy devoted to id-ego-superego conflicts |
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psychoanalysis (Techniques) |
historical reconstruction, initially through hypnosis and later through free association; interpretation of resistance, transference |
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resistance |
in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material |
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interpretation |
in psychoanalysis, the analysts noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other behaviors and events in order to promote insight |
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transference |
in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships |
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psychodynamic therapy |
therapeutic approach that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight |
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humanistic therapy |
emphasis on people's potential for self-fulfillment; to give people new insights, to reduce inner conflicts that interfere with natural development and growth |
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insight therapy |
aims to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defense |
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Rogers |
client centered therapy person-centered therapy that focuses on a person's conscious self-perceptions; active listening, positive regard |
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client-centered therapy |
Carl Rogers, therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to promote client's growth |
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active listening |
empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies |
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unconditional positive regard |
caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance |
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behavior therapy |
therapeutic approach that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors |
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counterconditioning |
behavior therapy that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors |
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exposure therapies |
treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid (real or imagined situations) |
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systematic desensitization |
associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety-triggering stimuli |
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virtual reality exposure therapy |
treats anxiety by creative electronic simulations in which people can safely face their greatest fears |
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aversive conditioning |
counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior |
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operant conditioning therapy |
consequences drive behavior |
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behavior modification |
the desired behavior is reinforced; undesired behavior is not reinforced and is sometimes ignored or punished |
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token economy |
people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for privileges or treats |
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insight therapists |
assume self-awareness and psychological well-being are complementary |
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psychodynamic therapists |
expect people's problems lessen insight into unresolved and unconscious tensions gained |
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humanistic therapists |
expect people's problems to lessen as they get in touch with their feelings |
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behavior therapists |
assume problem behaviors are the problems |
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cognitive therapy |
teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions |
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Beck's therapy for depression |
-gentle questioning seeks to reveal irrational thinking and then to persuade people to change their perceptions of their own and other's actions as dark, negative, pessimistic -people are trained to recognize and modify negative self-talk |
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cognitive-behavioral therapy |
integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
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group therapy |
therapy conducted with groups, providing benefits from group interactin |
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family therapy |
therapy that treats the family as a system, views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members |
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client's perceptions |
client self-reports indicate that psychotherapy is effective |
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clinician's perceptions |
therapists are most aware of the failure of other therapists |
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3 benefits for psychotherapies |
-hope for demoralized people -new perspective for oneself and the world -empathic, trusting, caring relationship |
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evidence-based practice |
clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences |
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antipsychotic drugs |
drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe though disorders |
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antianxiety drugs |
drugs used to control anxiety and agitation |
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antidepressant drugs |
drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and PTSD. |
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electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) |
biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient |
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vagus nerve stimulation |
stimulates neck nerve that sends signals to limbic system; increases available serotonin by increasing firing rate of some neurons |
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deep brain stimulation |
manipulates depressed brain via pacemaker; stimulates inhibition activity related to negative emotions and thoughts |
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repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) |
application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity |
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psychosurgery |
surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior |
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lobotomy |
psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients; procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain |
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resilience |
personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma |