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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality
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A set of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive tendencies that people display over time and across situations and that distinguish individuals from each other
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id
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exists at birth
houses sexual and aggressive drives, physical needs, and simple psychological needs need to sleep or eat pleasure principle |
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ego
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develops in childhood and tries to balance the competing demands of the id, super-ego, and reality
reality principle problem solving and reasoning |
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superego
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formed during early childhood
houses the sense of right and wrong, based on the internalization of parental and cultural morality prevent the id home of the conscious harsh superego--strive for perfection guilt |
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psychosexual stages
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based on erogenous zones
specific needs of each stage must be met for its successful resolution oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital |
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defense mechanism
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an unconscious psychological means by which a person tries to prevent unacceptable thoughts or urges from reaching conscious awareness
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8 types of defense mechanisms
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denial
intellectualization projection rationalization reaction formation repression sublimation undoing |
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denial
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threatening thoughts are denied outright
deny i have a drinking problem |
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intellectualization
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while watching a horror movie, i focus on the special effects and other emotionally nonthreatening details
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projection
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threatening thoughts are projected onto others
accuse partner of wanting to have an affair i wish to have myself |
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rationalization
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justify
i can make up for it on the final |
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reaction formation
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unconsciously changing an unacceptable feeling into its opposite
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repression
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prevented from entering consciousness
forgetting to go to dentist |
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sublimination
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aggressive urges played out in ice hockey
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undoing
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think about cake, go workout
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self-actualization
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an innate motivation to attain the highest possible emotional and intellectual potential
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freuds followers de-emphasize
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sexuality
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unconditional positive regard
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acceptance without any conditions
make a distinction between a child's inappropriate behavior and his or her worth as a human being |
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personality trait
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a relatively consistent characteristic exhibited in different situations
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Big Five
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The five superfactors of personality
extraversion neuroticism agreeableness conscientiousness openness |
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extraversion
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warmth, gregariousness, assertiveness, activity, excitement seeking, positive emotions
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neuroticism
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anxiety, hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsivness, vulnerability
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agreeableness
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trust, straightforwardness, altruism, compliance, modesty, tender-mindedness
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conscientiousness
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competence, order, dutifulness, achievement striving, deliberation, self-discipline
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opennes
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fantasy, aesthetics, feelings, actions, ideas, values
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temperament
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innate inclinations to engage in a certain style of behavior
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sociability
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a temperament dimension
characterized by a preference for being in other people's company rather than alone |
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emotionality
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a temperament dimension
characterized by an inclination to become aroused in situations in which the predominant emotion is distress, fear, or anger |
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activity
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a temperament dimension
characterized by the general expenditure of energy, which has two components: vigor and tempo |
