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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
environment
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every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us
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behavior genetics
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the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
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chromosomes
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threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
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DNA
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a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes
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genes
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the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes
a segments of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein |
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genome
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the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes
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identical twins
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twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms
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fraternal twins
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twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs
they are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment |
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temperament
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a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
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heritability
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the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes
the heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied |
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interaction
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the effect of one factor depends on another factor
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molecular genetics
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the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structures and function of genes
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evolutionary psychology
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the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection
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natural selection
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the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproductions and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
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mutation
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a random error in gene replication that leads to a change
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gender
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in psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female
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culture
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the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
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norm
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an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior; "proper" behavior
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personal space
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the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies
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individualism
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giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
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collectivism
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giving priority to the goals of one's group and defining one's identity accordingly
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aggression
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physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone
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x chromosome
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the sex chromosome found in both men and women
females have 2 x chromosomes; males have one |
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y chromosome
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the sex chromosome found only in males
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XX
XY |
female
male |
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testosterone
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the most important of the male sex hormones
both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in male stimulates growth of the male sex organs |
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role
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a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
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gender role
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a set of expected behaviors for males and for females
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gender identity
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one's sense of being male or female
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gender-typing
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the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
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social learning theory
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the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
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gender schema theory
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the theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they adjust their behavior accordingly
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