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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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convergence
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separate adaptations independently produced by natural selection
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analogous
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convergence
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homologous
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common ancestor
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shared traits
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from ancestors
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derived traits
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from last common ancestor
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outgroups
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neighboring groups with shared traits
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phyogeny
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family tree
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Cladogram
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phylogeny with strict attention to derivation
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node
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last branch on a tree
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synapomorphy
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(derived or specialised character) shared by two or more groups which originated in their last common ancestor
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parsimony
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efficient useof resources
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ostelogy
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bone study
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axial
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head & trunk
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appendicular
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appendages
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cranial
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skull
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post cranial
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everything but the skul
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frontal bone
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frontal lobe
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parietals
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top sides
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occipital
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back of head
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temporals
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temples
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zygomatics
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cheekbones
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Nasals
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nose
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maxilla
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upper cheek
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mandible
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lower jaw
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incisors
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front 4
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canines
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pointy
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premolars
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4,3,2
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molars
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3
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wolff's law
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bone builds up along stress lines
therefore expect morebone to be there |
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primate trends
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1 genera tooth pattern
2)5 fingers toes 3)nails not claws 4)clavicle 5)long pre/post natal 6)reduced snout 7)stereo/color 8)encephalization 9)erect/flex |
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prosimians
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tarsier
lemur loris incomplete orbital closure, moist/whiskers, tooth comb |
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lemuriforms
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vcl
madagascar quadruped |
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lorisiforms
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arboreal
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anthropoids
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monkeys
apes humans fused mandible, no comb, larger |
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tarsier
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difficult
nocturnal, unfused -> prosimian dry/nose, closed orbital -> anthro |
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strepsorrhines
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prosimians without tarsier
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haplorines
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anthropoid & tarsier
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Platyrrhines
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NWM 2-1-3-3
arboreal (c - ids subfamily) |
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catarrhines
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OWM, apes humans
2-1-2-3 no prehensile tail (no tail on apes) |
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callitrichids
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platy
tamarinds & marmosets no sex dimorphism vcl, small |
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cebid
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platy
* monkeys arboreal quadrapeds |
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colobines
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catar
leaf eaters, long guts langars |
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cercopithicine
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OWM
catar, non hominodae macaques |
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hominoids
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monkeys, apes humans
hylobatidae pongidae hominidae |
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pongids
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great apes
knuckle walkers no mated pairs/sex dimorphism |
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hominids
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encephalization, big body
little sex dimorphism bipedal |
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prognathism
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reduced snout
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hylobatids
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brachiators
siamang gibbon |
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faunivore
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plants in general
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foliovore
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leaf eating
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frugivore
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fruit
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encephalized
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big brain
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diastema
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gap between incisor and canine
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cp3-honing
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owm
loss of 3 molar |
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grade
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old stye. evo bioogy
prosimian v anthropoid |
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clade
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heavy on dna
strepshirrines haplorhines |
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socia group types
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solitary orang/prosim
pair gibbon/marmoset harem gorillas/langurs multi(2) babboon/NWM fission/fusion chimps polyandry(mm) marmosets |
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home range
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dependent upon group/body size
"" food distribution "" size of habitat "" comp w/ other groups |
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body size
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relation w diet
bigger size more food, easier |
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diet
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leaves in gut = bad hunter
leaf eatin monkey (colobine): specialized digestive&tooth crest lazy smaller brain v body size |
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theories on evoution of atruism
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1 group seexn
2 nepotism 3 reciprocity |
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group selection
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indiscriminate altruism
how inherited? |
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nepotism
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kin-directed
non-random by hamilton |
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reciprocity
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pay-back
'tit for tat' |
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hamilton's rule
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rB>C
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altruism
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selfish
mutual altruistic spiteful |
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sexual selection
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infanticide
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inteligence models
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ecological problems
social challenges |
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intelligence
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probem solving
learned behavior curiosity |
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extractive foods
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yield bigger neocortex ratios
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neocortex
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problem sovgin/fexibiity behavior
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3rd party relationships
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theory of mind
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redirected aggression
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aimed @ maternal kin/aggressor
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theory of mind
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understanding/knowing others v your mental state
'mind reading' module crucial for lying |
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deception
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concealment
distraction false image manipulation |
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chimp too use
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nut cracking
termite extraction leaf folding |
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prosim v anthropoid
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lemur oris tarsier
v monkey apes humans |
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platy v catar
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NWM v OWM
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cebid v calatrichid
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platys
cebid - * monkey calitricid - marmoset |
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colobine v cercopthicine
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catar
colobine-angur cercopith-baboon macaque |
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hominid v cercipithecoidea
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branch of catarrhinide
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hominid v pongid v hylobatid
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human v ape v OWM
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strepsirrhine v haplorhine
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lemur loris v tarsier owm
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competition
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monogamous
2 one m multi f 3 multi m multi f |
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mate choice
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estrus swelling
induces competition |
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mate choice models
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1 direct bennies by males 2 females
2 good genes from males 3 sexy sons |
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evol pssych
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models of the mind, how did evolve?
eea |
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eea
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environmental evolution adpativeness
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waist hip ratio
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indicator of fertility
'beauty dictated by natural sellection |
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modular mind theory
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shaped by natural seection
1000s of models |
