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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Genetic Profiling
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Discriminating due to genetic characteristics
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Industrial Policy
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Every form of state intervention that affects industry as a distinct part of the economy
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Social Costs
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Costs borne by society rather than incorporated into the cost of a product
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Negative Externalities
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Spillover effects that result from the manufacture of a product (Such as pollution)
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Social Goals
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Government setting goals that are in society's best interest
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Excess Profits Regulation
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Government stepping in when a business suddenly (and possibly undeservingly) attains a massive spike in value
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Excessive Competition Regulation
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Government keeping a balanced market to ensure the drive for lower prices will not put companies out of business
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Induced Costs
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Diffused or evasive effects of regulation
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Political Involvement
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The participation in the formulation and execution of public policy
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Lobbying
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The process of influencing public officials to promote or secure the passage or defeat of legislation
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Umbrella Organizations
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Business community organizations that represent their business interests (Very broad)
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Trade Associations
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Multiple firms lobbying for a given industry or line (More narrow)
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Grassroots Lobbying
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The process of mobilizing the individual citizens who might be directly affected by legislative activity
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Cyberadvocacy
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Grass roots campaigning using the internet
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Astroturf/Grasstops Lobbying
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Lobbying disguised as grass roots, but orchestrated by professional organizations
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Coalitions
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When distinct groups or parties realize they have something in common that might warrant their joining forces to affect public policy
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Political Act ion Committee (PAC)
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Businesses using financial resources to influence government
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Soft Money
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Contributions made to political parties, rather than political candidates
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Hard Money
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Contributions made directly to political candidates
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Bundling
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Collecting large sums and donating them all together
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Externalities
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Side effects of actions not included in the standard cost accounting systems
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Sustainability
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Business that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability for future generations to meet their own needs
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Carbon Neutral
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Balance between carbon dioxide produced and consumed
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Wicked Problems
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Problems with characteristics such as interconnectedness, uncerta inty, complexity, ambiguity, conflict, and social constra ints
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Tragedy of the commons
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The concept of a common area, being overtaxed by unconstrained users so as to limit or degrade its usefulness for the community
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NIMBY
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Not in my back yard, used as a cry for those who refuse to shoulder their share of the social costs of environmental or social solutions
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Superfund
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An effort to clean up more than 2000 hazardous waste dumps and spills around the country Montreal Protocol - A worldwide agreement to phase out ozone damaging substances such as CFCs
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Global Compact
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An initiative that brings thousands of companies worldwide together for a common change in social or environmental principles
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Global Reporting Initiative
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Collaborating center of the UNEP, and provides a way to report economic, environmental, and social performance
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Triple Bottom Line
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Economic, social, and environmental responsibility
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Community Partnership
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A for profit and nonprofit alliance for a cause
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Strategic Philanthropy
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Giving in a way that best supports the firms goals, mission, or objective
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WARN
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Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act gives employees 60 notice of layoff, as well as retraining and adjustment rights
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Private Property
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Individuals and private organizations are free to use their property as they desire.
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Employee rights
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Justifiable claims that utility cannot override
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Statutory Rights
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Rights provided by the law
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Collective Bargaining
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Union related agreements attained through negotiations between an employer and a group of employees
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Enterprise Rights
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Employer granted promises with regard for the treatment of an employee
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Employment-at-will doctrine
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Anyone can be terminated at any time from their job, and employees can quit at any time from their job.
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Public Policy Exception
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Protects employees from being fired for refusal to commit crimes or because they try to take advantage of privileges to which they are entitled to by law
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Good Cause Norm
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Belief that employees should be discharged for good reason
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Implied Contract Exception
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Statements made to employees through documentation or employer comments can become legally binding
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Good Faith Principle
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Employers who did not give employees every reasonable opportunity to improve their performance prior to termination can be legally vulnerable
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Due Process
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The right to receive an impartial review of one's complaints and to be dealt with fairly
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Ombudsman
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Independent role in a company, and an outlet for employees to report unfair or improper behavior, as well as handle internal issues before they are out of control
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Whistle Blower
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A former or current organization member who discloses illegal, immoral, or illegitimate practices to those who can affect the action.
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Technology
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Totality of the means employed to provide objects necessary for human sustenance and comfort
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Technological Environment
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The total set of technology based advancements or progress taking place in society
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Technological Determinism
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We should because we can
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Ethical Lag
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When ethics fall behind technological advancements
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Bioethics
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The study of the ethical issues of biotechnology
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Outplacement
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Assistance rendered to laid off employees by their former employer
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Moral Suasion
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Government encouraging a particular action from society
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Biometrics
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Using body scans to confirm identity
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Third Sector
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Non profit
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Company Lobbying
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Specific companies protecting their own interests (Narrowest)
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Watershed
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An area that drains to a common waterway
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