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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the 3 structural classifications of articulations.
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• Based on anatomical structure
o Fibrous o Cartilaginous o Synovial |
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List and describe the 3 functional classifications of articulations.
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• Based on amount of movement at a joint
o Immovable → synarthrosis o Slightly movable → amphiarthrosis o Freely movable → diarthrosis |
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Define the subtypes of the three functional classifications of articulations discussed in lecture and give examples of each.
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• Synarthrses (immovable joints)
o Fibrous joints • Suture between skull bones • Gomphosis between tooth and socket of alveolar process o Cartilaginous joint • Synchondrosis • Amphiarthroses (slightly movable joints) o Fibrous joint • Syndesmoses between tibia and fibula o Cartilaginous joint • Symphysis (part of the pelvis) • Diarthroses (freely movable joints) – o All are synovial joints o Mono-axial joint: elbow • Hinge between trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna at the elbow o Pivot joint between head of radius and radial notch of ulna o Tri-axial joints: hip and shoulder • Ball-and-socket joint between head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone o Condyloid joint between radius and scaphoid and lunate bones of the carpus (wrist) o Planar joint between the navicular and second and third cuneiforms of the tarsus in the foot o Saddle joint between the trapezium of carpus (wrist) and metacarpal of thumb |
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Describe the basic components of a synovial joint.
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• Periosteum
• Articulating bone • Synovial cavity • Articular cartilage • Articular capsule o Fibrous capsule o Synovial membrane • Accessory structures o Ligaments: • Intracapsular and extracapsular o Tendons o Bursae o Menisci |
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List the functions of synovial fluid.
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• Lubricates joint
• Provides nutrients to articular cartilage (avascular) • Shock absorption |
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Describe the shoulder joint and the knee joint including the ligaments and tendons that stabilize each joint.
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• Shoulder joint
o Diarthrosis – freely movable o Tri-axial joint – more prone to injury o Stabilized by 5 ligaments and the tendons of 5 muscles • 5 ligaments 1. Acromioclavicular ligament 2. Coracoacromial ligament 3. Coracoclavicular ligament a. Trapezoid ligament b. Conoid ligament • Knee Joint o Diarthrosis o Mono-axial joint o Medial and lateral menisci cushion the joint o 7 ligaments stabilize the joint • 2 intracapsular ligaments • 5 extracapsular ligaments |
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Describe the two types of arthritis and list the major risk factors for osteoarthritis.
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• Osteoarthritis (OA)
o Degenerative o Bone ends rub together o Thinned cartilage o Risk Factors • Heredity • Overweight • Joint injury • Repeated overuse • Aging • Lack of physical activity • Nerve injury • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) o Inflammatory o Swollen inflamed synovial membrane o Bone erosion |
