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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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External Anatomy of the Heart |
Ligamentum Arteriosum Right Auricle Right ventricle Interventricular Sulcus Coronary Sulcus Left auricle Left ventricle Apex Pulmonary artery Pulmonary veins Aorta Vena Cava |
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Internal Anatomy of the Heart |
R/L Atrium R/L ventricle Interarterial septum Interventricular septum Bicuspid AV valve Tricuspid AV valve Pulmonary Valve Aortic Valve Trabeculae Carnae Papillary Muscles Cordae tendinae Pectinate muscle Fossa Ovalis Ligamentum Arteriosum
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The Great Vessels |
Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava Pulmonary Arteries Pulmonary veins Aorta Pulmonary trunk |
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Layers of the Heart |
Epicardium > Myocardium > Endocardium Pericardium (Epicardium): serous membrane > prevents friction - fibrous pericardium > parietal later of serous pericardium > pericardial cavity with serious fluid > visceral layer of serous pericardium Location: mediastinum |
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Coronary Arteries |
Lefts - anterior Interventricular branch - circumflex Rights - posterior Interventricular - Marginal |
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Coronary Veins |
Great cardiac Middle cardiac Small cardiac Conor art sinus |
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Blood Flow |
Back (Definition) |
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Myocyte Physiology |
Striated (sacromeres) Branching 1-2 nuclei Intercalated discs -desmosomes holding cells together -gap junctions allow for synctitium |
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Intrinsic Rhythm |
Autorythmic Cells Have own set of rules |
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Intrinsic Rhythm |
Autorythmic Cells Have own set of rules |
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Extrinsic Factors |
Parasympathetic and sympathetic |
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Intrinsic Rhythm |
Autorythmic Cells Have own set of rules |
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Extrinsic Factors |
Parasympathetic and sympathetic |
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Tachycardia/Bradycardia |
Heart is too fast/too slow |
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ECG |
P wave - depol of atria QRS complex - repolarization of atria depol of ventricle T wave - repolarization of ventricles PQ - full depol of A > V QT - full electrical activity of ventricles ST - ventricles are depolarized |
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Blood Pressure |
Depolarization: contraction Repolarization: relaxation Systole: contracts pumps blood Diastole: relaxes chambers fill with blood |
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Lub Dub |
Lub: AV valves closing Dub: semilunar valves closing |
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Vessel Structure of Arteries |
Tunica interna: Epithelium, basement membrane, internal elastic lamina Tunica media: smooth muscle, external elastic lamina Tunica externa: collagen |
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Vessel Structure of Veins |
Tunica interna: Epithelium, basement membrane Tunica media: smooth muscle Tunica externa: thicker collagen Valves |
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How do Veins work? |
1) Skeletal muscle group 2) respiratory pump 3) arterial pump |
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Capillaries |
1) tight junctions 2) intracellular clefts 3) fenestrations-pores 4) vesicles |
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Sphygmomanometer |
Measures the force exerted in the walls of the vessels Ventricular systole: 120 mmHg Ventricular diastole: 80 mmHg |
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Sphygmomanometer |
Measures the force exerted in the walls of the vessels Ventricular systole: 120 mmHg Ventricular diastole: 80 mmHg |
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Korotkoff sound |
Sound of turbulent blood flood Lub dub |
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Hypertension Stages |
1/3 adults Pretension: 120-129/80 Stage 1: 130-139/80-89 Stage 2: (>140)/(>90) |
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Hypertensive Causes |
Causes: - underlying conditions - primary: develops over many years -secondary: rapid onset
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Hypertension Stages |
1/3 adults Pretension: 120-129/80 Stage 1: 130-139/80-89 Stage 2: (>140)/(>90) |
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Hypertensive Causes |
Causes: - underlying conditions - primary: develops over many years -secondary: rapid onset
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Hypertensive Symptoms |
Symptoms: - “silent killer” - hypertensive crisis; chest pain, headache, nausea, shortness of breath |
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Hypertensive Treatment |
Lifestyle changes Medications: diuretics, ACE inhibitors, Beta blockers |
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Hypotension Stages |
Normal healthy people Orthostatic: getting up too quickly Postprandial: BP drops after eating Neutrally Mediated: standing too long |
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Hypotension Stages |
Normal healthy people Orthostatic: getting up too quickly Postprandial: BP drops after eating Neutrally Mediated: standing too long |
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Hypotension Causes |
Acute factors, like standing quickly Shock & dehydration Pregnancy or endocrine problems |
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Hypotension Stages |
Normal healthy people Orthostatic: getting up too quickly Postprandial: BP drops after eating Neutrally Mediated: standing too long |
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Hypotension Causes |
Acute factors, like standing quickly Shock & dehydration Pregnancy or endocrine problems |
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Hypotension Symptoms |
Dizziness, lightheaded ness, fainting Blurred vision Nausea Fatigue |
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Hypotension Treatment |
Cause dependent but can include hydration exercise, compression clothing, increasing salt intake, changing medications |
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Arteries of the Arm |
Aortic arch > brachiocephalic trunk > subclavian > axillary > brachial > ulnar or radial > palmar arch |
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Veins of the Arm |
Palmar venous arch > radial or ulnar > brachial > axillary > subclavian > brachiocephalic
Palmar venous arch > cephalic or basilic = median cubical = axillary > subclavian > brachiocephalic |
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Arteries of the Leg |
Common iliac > internal Common iliac > external iliac > femoral > popliteal > anterior tibial > dorsal Common iliac > external iliac > femoral > popliteal > posterior tibial > lateral plantar OR fibulae OR medial plantar |
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Veins of the Legs |
Fibular > posterior tibial > popliteal > femoral > external iliac > common iliac Anterior tibial > popliteal Saphenous > popliteal Great saphenous > femoral |
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Arteries of the Abdomen |
Celiac Trunk > common hepatic & gastric OR Splenic Descending aorta > superior mesenteric OR renal & suprarenal OR gonadal OR inferior mesenteric OR common iliac |
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Arteries of the Abdomen |
Celiac Trunk > common hepatic & gastric OR Splenic Descending aorta > superior mesenteric OR renal & suprarenal OR gonadal OR inferior mesenteric OR common iliac |
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Veins of the Abdomen |
Brachiocephalic > superior vena cava Hemiazygous & Accessory Hemiazygous > Azygous > superior vena cava Hepatic OR Suprarenal OR Renal OR gonadal > inferior vena cava Suprarenal & gonadal > renal > inferior vena cava |
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Arteries of the Abdomen |
Celiac Trunk > common hepatic & gastric OR Splenic Descending aorta > superior mesenteric OR renal & suprarenal OR gonadal OR inferior mesenteric OR common iliac |
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Veins of the Abdomen |
Brachiocephalic > superior vena cava Hemiazygous & Accessory Hemiazygous > Azygous > superior vena cava Hepatic OR Suprarenal OR Renal OR gonadal > inferior vena cava Suprarenal & gonadal > renal > inferior vena cava |
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Arteries of the Head and Neck |
Aortic arch > subclavian > vertebral > basilar Aortic arch > common coratid > external coratid Aortic arch > internal coratid > cerebral OR middle cerebral OR posterior communicating OR anterior communicating Aortic arch > internal coratid > posterior communicating > posterior cerebral > basilar |
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Veins of the Head and Neck |
External jugular > subclavian > brachiocephalic > superior vena cava vertebral > brachiocephalic > superior vena cava Internal jugular > brachiocephalic > superior vena cava |
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Veins & Arteries of Thyroid |
Superior, middle and inferior Superior artery comes off of common coratid Inferior comes off of subclavian Superior and middle veins drain into internal jugular Inferior drains into brachiocephalic |
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Special Circulations |
Pulmonary Circle of Willis Fetal Hepatic |
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Superior mesenteric |
Small intestine and first part of large intestine |
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Superior mesenteric |
Small intestine and first part of large intestine |
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Inferior mesenteric |
Second part of large intestine |
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Function of hepatic circulation |
drains waster and nutrients from intestines through liver to be detoxified/absorbed |
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Fetal Circulation |
Lung bypass: ductus arteriosus > aorta Lung bypass: RA > foramen ovale > LA > LV > aorta Liver bypass: umbilical vein > ductus venosus
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