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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Consciousness |
"Anything that we are aware of at a given moment forms part of our consciousness, making conscious experience at once the most familiar and most mysterious aspect of our lives" |
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Hemineglect |
- Inability to direct action or attention toward objects located to the left or right side of the body. - no problems with eyes or brain areas assoc. with visual processing |
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Blindsight |
- Patient claims to not be able to see anything, but can maneuver around things without realizing it. Not aware of having moved out of the way of objects |
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Somatoparaphrenia |
A type of delusion where one denies ownership of a limb or an entire side of one's body, even if provided with undeniable proof that the limb belongs to and is attached to their own body. - Oliver Sacks |
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Cotard's Syndrome |
Inflammation of the brain, patient believes they are dead even with heartbeat |
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Easy Problem of consciousness |
- The parts of consciousness that could potentially be explained by examining areas of the brain and how they function - How the brain processes visual info., how people report on their mental states, and how the brain focuses attention could be explained by examining how neurons function |
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Hard problem |
- In addition to processing info., we also have a unique ongoing experience that has a distinct quality and feeling - How does the function of neurons explain: the feeling of pain from a headache, the taste of wine, or the perceived redness of an evening sky? |
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What is sound? |
A wave that travels through the air and reaches our ears - "A particular auditory impression" - impression = perception |
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How do we hear? |
1. Sound waves arrive at our ear 2. Sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate 3. Vibrations from the ossicles create waves in the inner ear's fluid 4. Waves in the fluid cause hair cells to bend. When the hair cells are bent, neurons begin to fire. |
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Sensation |
The detection of physical stimuli and transmission of that info. to the brain. Sensation does not involve interpretation of what we are experiencing. |
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Perception |
The brain's further processing, organization, and interpretation of sensory info. It is construction of useful and meaningful info about a particular sensation. |
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Physical stimulus to the eye |
Light waves reflected from the image pass through the cornea and enter the eye through the pupil. The lens focuses on the retina. |
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Sensation to the eye |
Sensory receptors in the retina, called rods and cones, detect the light waves. |
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Transduction (eye) |
Rods and cones convert light waves into signals. Those signals are processed by ganglion cells, which generate action potentials that are sent to to brain by the optic nerve. |
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Rods |
Respond to extremely low levels of the light and are responsible for night vision. They do not support color vision and are poor at fine detail. |
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Cones |
Responsible for vision at higher levels of light. They do support color vision and are good with fine detail. |
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Trichromatic Theory |
Color vision results from activity in three types of cones. Each type of cone is sensitive to a specific part of the color spectrum. S-Cones: short waves (blue-violet) M-Cones: medium waves (yellow-green) L-Cones: long waves (red-orange) |
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Color-blindness |
Common forms of color-blindness occur when a cone is malfunctioning or missing completely. This results in weaker color discrimination for the color-range of the affected cone. |
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Gestalt Psychology |
Our perception is based on recognizing whole objects, not just the individual parts of an object. Our perception doesn't capture a "full" reality, tries to fill in gaps. |
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Proximity |
The closer two objects are to each other, the more likely we ate to group them as part of the same object. |
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Similarity |
We tend to group figures according to how closely they resemble each other in shape, color, or orientation. |
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Continuity |
We tend to group figures together that have edges or contours that are oriented the same way and seem to complete a whole object. |
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Closure |
We tend to complete figures that have gaps |
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Illusory Contours |
We sometimes perceive contours and cues to depth even when they do not exist |
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5 Perception Grouping Rules |
Proximity Simila\arity Continuity Closure Illusory Contours |
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Top-down processing |
We fill in features that aren't there, allowing us to perceive meaningful groups and objects to help us understand the world. - Allows us to see one triangle on top of another - Starts in the brain--- where perception happens |
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Bottom-up processing |
Is what we are detecting through our senses without adding anything or filling anything in - only consists of the actual stimuli we are sensing - Starts in the ear --- where sensation happens |
