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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Willis
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- 1840 - 50 innate behavior programs
- nervous transmission - reflex |
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Pavlov
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1849 - 1936 Russian Physiologist - conditioning - any behavior reduced to thousands of muscle contractions.
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Fechner & Wundt
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- 1850s German physicians - human behavior control
-scientific approach in body |
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Lloyd Morgan
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- 1894 - Habits & Instincts - tried to remove anthropomorphism and said animals do not learn - heavy on instincts
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Thorndike
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- 1900 - Skinner’s teacher - Law of Effect = reward an animal for an act - act more frequently
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J.B. Watson
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- 1900 Behaviorism - heavy into learning in rats – continued into the 50’s
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B.F.( Burrhus Fredieric) Skinner
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- 1904 to recent - positive reinforcement - learning
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Spencer
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- 1850 - evolutionist - homogenous mass (1 cell) to heterogeneous psychic - becomes increasingly localized (with hierarchy)
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Lehrman
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- learning in doves
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Pennau
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- 1716 - bird song - noted that some song is inherited - instinct
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Reimarus
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- 1773 - behavioral ontogeny in goats
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Darwin
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1859 - Origin of Species
-In the Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals-3 behavioral theories 1. Serviceable Associated Habits - linked activity same response to one stimulus 2. Principle of Antithesis - reverse stimulus and get opposite response 3. Direct Action of Excited Neurons System - preset nerve tracts |
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Romanes
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- 1890
- disciple of Darwin - 1st to push for comparative studies - use behavior to classify animals - wrote Mental Evolution of Animals |
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C. O. Whitman
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- 1898 - American ethologists
pigeons - instinct strong in early ethology - proponent of classifying animals by behaviors |
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Jan Fabre
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- insects - 1900
Wonders of Insects (book) |
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Loeb
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- 1900 King of Mechanistic behaviors
Theory of Animal Tropisms=Change of direction in response to external stimulus |
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Peckham & Peckham
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- 1904 - Ethogram on wasps
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Jennings
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- 1906 - anti Theory of Tropisms
studied Paramecia - try to understand whole behavior - no breaking down |
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Jacob von Uexkll
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- 1910 - student of Loeb
- Umweldt = look into world of animal think like animal = reverse anthropomorphism |
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Heinroth
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- 1910 - coined term ethology
-imprinting |
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Julian Huxley
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- 1914
1st one to talk about bird display natural selection effect on display |
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Wallace Craig
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- student of Whitman - Appetitive Behavior
internal state - example = hunger shows appetitive behav. = search for food consummatory act = feeding |
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Eliot Howard
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- Territoriality in birds (MSU)
1st one since Aristotle to discuss terr. |
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The "Big Three"
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Conrad Lorenz - Father of Ethology - On Aggression Niko Tinbergen - gulls and fish and wasps Karl von Frisch - bee dancing -they believed in “the good of the group” |
