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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Toxoplasma gondii are mostly asymptomatic/symptomatic?
name 2 exceptions are? mostly affect? |
asymptomatic
1)congenital infections - eye problems in adolescence 2)immunocompromised patients - brain |
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Toxoplasma gondii definitive host?
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Cat
definitive host - sexually multipy in |
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Two ways to be infected with Toxoplasma gondii?
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1) handling cat litter
2) eating udercooked meat |
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Diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii almost always?
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Serological
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Diarrhea with unknown cause could be?
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Cryptosporidium
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Transmission of Cryptosporidium?
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Fecal-oral..you have to ingest feces somehow
not like toxo where you can get it from eating tissue from infected orgnism |
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How many oocysts do you need to be infected with Cryptosporidium?
Easy or hard to get rid of? |
Very FEW
Unbelieveable hard to kill |
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Many outbreaks of Cryptosporidium come from?
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Drinking contaminated water and Improper food handling
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Clinical picture of Cryptosporidium?
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Profuse WATERY DIARRHEA w/ NO BLOOD in stool
-complications include abdominal cramps, nausea, weight loss & vomiting -can be much more severe in immunocompromised patients |
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What protozoan is physically described as having a Bi-lobed nuclues & 4 pairs of flagella?
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Giardia lamblia
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Giardia lamblia's virulence factor for epithelial attachment?
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Adnesive disc
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Type of transmission for Giardia lamblia?
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Fecal-oral transmission
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Diagnosis for Cryptosporidium?
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Detection of oocyst in stool samples
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Giardia lamblia transmitted by?
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Infected water sources
Beaver shit fever |
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Does Cryptosporidium or Giardia lamblia penetrate the intestinal wall and spread?
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No
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Describe the clinical picture for Acute giardiasis
What may be developed with Chronic giardiasis? |
EXPLOSIVE FOUL SMELLING DIARRHEA - NO BLOOD
Lactose intolerance |
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Severe cause of diarrhea worldwide is?
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Entamoeba histolytica
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Intestinal amebiasis
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Entamoeba histolytica adhere's to coonic epithelium and invades the intestinal mucosa
Kill epithelial cells, leading to FLASK-SHAPED ULCER and SPREADING lateral |
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Key clinical sign of Entamoeba histolytica
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BLOOD IN STOOL
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Invasive extra-intestinal emebiasis
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Entamoeba histolytica get past intestines, disseminate via bloodstream and form ulcers/abscesses in liver - HEPATOMEGALY
later spread to lung = BLOOD in SPUTUM |
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Entamoeba histolytica Clinical presentation?
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Severe diarrhea with blood, enlarged live, and blood in sputum
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Flagellagted protozoan spread by Sandfly?
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Leishmania
-Sandlfly regurgitates parasites into wound similar to Yersinia Pestis |
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Leishmania reside where in hosts?
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MACROPHAGES
Leishmania multiply until macrophage lyses and taken up by other macrophages |
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3 Types of Leishmania Diseases
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1) Cutaneaous Leishmaniasis - most common
2) Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis - after cutaneous bite, spread via bloodstream/lymphatic tissue to mucosa of nose or moouth causing Destruction of Mucous Membranes! - NASAL SEPTUM PERFORATIONS 3) Visceral Leishmaniasis (aka KALA-AZAR) - SPLENOMEGALY & Wasting Syndrome |
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Leishmania braziliensis
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Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
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Leishmania donovani
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Visceral Leishmaniasis
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Leishmania chagasi
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Visceral Leishmaniasis
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Trypanosoma cruzi causes?
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Chagas Disease
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Trypanosoma cruzi's vector? they spread parasite by?
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Triatomine bug (aka rejuviiid bugs aka Kissing bugs)
DEFECATION in wound |
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Acute phase of Chagas Disease characterized by?
Chronic phase of Chagas Disease characterized by? |
Fever & mild hepatosplenomegaly
CARDIOMYOPATHY - Cardiomegaly & CHF |
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Protozoas transmitted Fecal-orally? (4)
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1) Toxoplasma Gondii
2) Cryptosporidium 3) Giardia lamblia 4) Entamoeba histolytica |
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Protozoas transmitted by vector? (2)
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1) Leishmania
2) Trypanosoma cruzi |
