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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Trichocysts in Paramecium |
-embedded in the pellicle -used for defense - the spiny projections can injure a nearby cell as well as cover a paramecium with protective bristles. |
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mouth pore in Paramecium |
opening for food |
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pellicle in paramecium |
-cell membrane and associated under - lying structures make up a complex outer layer called the pellicle. - folded in a repeating pattern - trichocysts are embedded in the pellicle |
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macro nucleus in paramecium |
large of the two nuclei in ciliates which controls the life process of the cell |
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micronucleus in paramecium |
smaller nucleus in ciliates that under go meiosis and mitosis during conjugation and contains more genes then the macronucleus. |
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cilia in paramecium |
short hairlike projections that produced movement. Internal structure consists of micro - tubule - like structures. The beating of clilia propels the cell rapidly through water. |
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contractile vacuole in paramecium |
excess water is collected in other vacuoles. These vacuoles empty into canals that are arranged in a star shaped pattern around contractile vacuoles. When a contractile vacuole is filled with water then it contracts quickly and pumps water out of the cell. Anterior= top posterior=bottom |
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forming food vacuole and food vacuoles in Paramecium |
-food vacuoles form at the base of the gullet. - they then break off into the cytoplasm and eventually fuse with lysosomes to digest food. |
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anal pore in paramecium |
waste materials are emptied into the environment when the food vacuole fuses with the anal pore. |
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gullet in paramecium |
paramecium obtains food by using it's cilia to force water into the gullet. Particles are trapped in the gullet and forced into food vacuoles that form at the base of the gullet. -makes food vacuoles |
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nucleus in amoebas |
major organelle that controls cell activities like reproduction, eating growth etc -also holds organisms DNA |
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contractile vacuole in Amebas |
excretes excess water and waste. -excess water is collected in vacuoles through osmosis and these vacuoles empty into canals that are arranged in star shaped pattern around contractile vacuoles. When a contracile vacuole becomes full it contracts quickly and pumps water out of the cell. |
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endoplasms in Amoebas |
inner granule - rich cytoplasm of an amoeba. - gives shapeto pseudopods. -makes up bulk of cell |
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Pseudopods in Maoebas |
also known as false feet. -temporary feet. - movement and digestion |
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food vacuole in amoebas |
where food is digested and stored in a membrane - enclose cavity |
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characteristics of amoebas |
phylum: sarcodina -flexible, active cells without cell walls, flagella, cilia or shape. move by pseudopods that they extend out of the central mass of the cell. absorbs food by surrounding the meal with a streaming cytoplasm and then taking it inside to form a food vacuole. locomotion: changes their body speed: moves slowly Excretes liquids through the contractile vacuole, solids through moving waste through the cytoplasm, gaseous wastes are diffused through the cell membrane. reproduces a sexually through binary fission |
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cell membrane in amoebas |
regulates the passage of materials between the cell and its environement. -helps protect and support the cell. thin layer of protein and fat |
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ectoplasm in amoebas |
-clear outer cytoplasmic layer of an amoeba -denser than endoplasm |
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Chrysophyta |
-plant - like, golden protists -3 types of organisms generally; yello - green algae, golden - brown algae, diatoms -cell walls have a carb pection instead of cellulose. extremly diverse organisms |
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Pyrrophyta |
known as dinoflagellates (also a plant - like protist) - photosynthetic -usually have two flagella. dinoflagellates are luminescent and DNA is tightly bound without histones fire - protists |
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Euglena |
long cell that has a pouch that has two flagella at it's front end. excellent swimmers, moves very quickly. red eyespot at front end of cell that helps euglena find the brightest areas in the environement. euglena can also live as a heterotroph -reproduces asexually through binary fission |
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Euglenophyta |
plantlike protist closely related to zoomatigians flagettaletes with cholorplast ex:euglena |
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different types of plant - like protists |
euglenphyta, pyrrophyta, chrysophyta, slime molds |
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slime molds |
unusual prostist. -found near rich sources of food such as rotting wood, piles of compost and thick wet lawns. difficult to classify |
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Sarcodina |
contains protists that use temporary projections of cytoplasm to move and feed ex amoebas animal like protists |
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different types of animal like protists |
ciliophora, zoomastigina, sporozoa, and sarcodinas |
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ciliophora |
known as ciliates. have cilia. common examples are paramecium animal - like protist |
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zoomastigina |
known as flagellates have flagella absorb food through cell membranes reproduce asexually by binary fission some are found in lakes or ponds other exist as parasites or symbionts of other organisms animal - like protsits |
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sporozoa |
non- motile parasitic complex life cycle ex: plasmodium i.e. malaria animal - like protist |
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osmosis |
diffusion of water mlecules through a selectively permeable membrane from a higher water concentration to an area of low water concentration |
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conjugation |
exchange of genetic material. two organisms attatch to one another, their macronuclei disintegrate and their diploid unergoes meiosis. then 3/4 micronuclei disintegrate and the remaining micronucleus divies to from two genetically identical haploid micronuclei |
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BINARY FISSION |
organism divides by mitosis to produce two smaller, but genetically identical organisms |
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Lynn Margulis Quote |
protista "is defined by exclusion: its members are neither animals, plants, fungi nor prokaryotes |
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Protista |
greek def: first scientific def: unicellular, eukaryoic organisms most protists are solitary but some are colonial .very diverse group. |
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Trypanosomes |
disease:African sleeping sickness carrier: teste fly symptoms: fever, chills, skin rash, weakness, fatal sleep - once bitten trypanosomes destroy blood cells and infect other tissues. As they attack they nervous system infected individuals become weak and lose consciousness |
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Plasmodium vivax |
disease:malaria carried by: mosquitos symptoms: burnign fevers, shivering, chills - once inside the body plasmodium infects the liver and blood cells. Cells burst at 48 or 72 hour intervals prevention: draining swamps, screenin patients, using drugs, spraying house with ddt, mosquito screens |
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traveller's diarrhea
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cause: ingestion fo food or water that is contaminated by either bacteria, viruses, fungus or protists symptoms: abrupt onset of loos stools in a day, urgent need to defecate, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, fever - can cause severe dehydration prevention:sanitary disposal of fecal matter, boiling and properly preparing food. |
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oral groove in paramecium |
paramecium uses its cilia to sweep food along with some water into the cell mouth after it falls into the oral groove. collects food until it is swept into the cell mouth |
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characteristics of paramecium |
phylum: ciliophora - large organism - up to 350 micrometers iin length - complex outer layer called pellicle -trichocysts as defense mechanisms -2 types of nucleus -normally reproduce asexually through binary fission but occasionally share DNA through conjugation waste materials emptied through anal pore -locomtio: cilia Speed of movement: very fast Ingestion: oral groove in definite position respiration: absorbtion from water (diffusion) Excretes liquids through the anterior and posterior contractile vacuoles, solids through the anal opening, gaseous water through diffusion in the cell membrane. |
