Protein Synthesis

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Transcription

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the process by which from DNA RNA is created. three phases: 1.initiation 2. elongation 3. termination

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RNA

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(three types) functions like DNA except it contains ribose + uracil and is only one strand

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mRNA

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takes info from DNA and brings it to the ribosomes (out of the nucleus)

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tRNA

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(transfer) translates the mRNA in protein

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rRNA

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(ribosomal) makes up the ribosomes

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RNA Polymerase

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it unwinds strands, uncodes/adds proteins, and checks for mistakes

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Exons

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the peices of DNA that are used to express a trait

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Introns

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the peices of DNA that are not used to express a trait

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Elongation, Initiation, Termination

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the three phases of transcription

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RNA splicing

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this is when the introns are removed and the exons are spliced together

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RNA Processing

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1. introns are removed (RNA splicing)
2. adds a cap+poly A tail to the mRNA (this disguises it in order to get through the nucleus)

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Translation

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when RNA is made into protiens

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Ribosomes

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where the translation of the mRNA chain takes place

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Anticodon

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the opposite mRNA codon to a DNA codon. example: DNA-tac RNA-aug

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Start codon

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AUG the codon that signifies where the tRNA should start coding the mRNA

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Stop codons

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UGA tells the tRNA to stop coding

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Genetic Code

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the code of base pairs that expresses one's genes

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codon wheel

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a chart in which you can determine the protein for any tRNA codon

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tRNA

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(transfer) translates the mRNA into protein