Protein Lipid

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Proteins

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Are complex organic nitrogenous comppunds made up of amino acids

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True

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True or false: all proteins contain CHONSP

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Aliphatic

Aromatic

Heterocyclic

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Classification of amino acids based on structure

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Functions of protein

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-Form muscles and tissues of the body for growth and dev't

-Help maintain loss of body tissues and muscles

-Fof forming enzyme, hormones, antigen, antibody, dihestive juices, and regulate body osmotic pressure and acid base balance

-Help repair body cells and production of new cells

-To supply energy to the body

-Essential for formation of egg, milk protein, wool, hairs

-Provides basic cellular matrix for bo e mineral matter deposits

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Essential amino acid or indispensable aa

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Needed by animal thag cannot be synthesized by them in amounts needed and so must present in protein of the feed

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Non-essential amino acid or dispensable aa

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Needed by animal that can be formed from other amino acids by them and doesn't need to be present aa in feed protein

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Phenylalanine, valine, threonine, methionine, arginine, tryptophan, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine

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PVT MATHILL

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Alanine, aspartic acid, citrulline, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, serine, tyrosine

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Non essential AACCGGPHST

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Limiting amino acids

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The amino acid present in proteinin the least amount in relation to animal needs for particular amino acids can be used by animal toward meeting essential aa requirement

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Lysine

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Limiting essential aa of corn

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Fibrous proteins

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Classified protein insoluble and very resistant to animal digestive enzymes, composed of elongated, filamentous chains, joined by cross linkages such as collagen, elastin, and keratins

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Globular proteins

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Classified protein includes all enzymes, antigens, and hormones that are protein like albumin, globulin, histones

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Conjugated proteins

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Classified protein comppsed of simple protein and non-protein substances as prosthetic group like phosphoprotein, glycoprotein, lipoprotein, chromoprotein, nucleoprotein, metalloprotein

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Plasma

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Albumin and globulin

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Histone

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DNA

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Lipoprotein

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Cholesterol types

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Metalloproteins

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Metal conjugates

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Derived proteins

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Class of proteins include substances formed from simple and conjugated proteins

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Denaturation

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Protein derivation and structural change

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Functions of lipids

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-To supply energy to animal body

-Reserved source of energy

-Fats converted to fatty acid and glycerol to give essential fatty acids (linoleic, arachidonic, and linolenic) to body

-essential component of milk

-Help in Ca and P absorption

-required for joint lubrication

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Cynobial fluid

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Water and joints

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Functions of lipids

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-Fat soluble vitamins such as ADEK are absorbed in blood present in fat

-Helps in temp reg and insulation for vital organ, protecting from shock

-Important in nutrient of nervous metabolism

-Delays sensation of hunger

-Polyunsaturated FA like arachidonic acid are precursor of highly active prostaglandins

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Fatty acids

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Long chain organic acids from 4 to 30 carbon atoms, single carboxyl group and long non-polar hydrocarbon tail wc gives lipids their hydrophobic and oily or greasy nature

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Fatty acids

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May be saturated when one single bond and unsaturated when two or more double bonds

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Saturated fatty acids

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Acetic

Propionic

Butyric

Caproic

Caprylic

Capric

Lauric

Myristic

Palmitic

Stearic

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Unsaturated fatty acids

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Palmitoleic

Oleic

Linoleic

Linolenic

Arachidonic

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Simple lipids

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Esters of fattyacids with trihydric alcohol glycerol and most abundant are fats and less abundant are waxes

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Fats and oils

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Same general structure and chem prop but different physical characteristics, fats are esters of fatty acids with glycerol and triglyceride under

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Essential fatty acids

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-Linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acids

-Either oneof linoleic or arachidonic acid is capable of preventiong skin dermatitis caused by deficiency of these acids in chicks, pigs, calves, and goats

-Hydrogenation of linoleic acid in rumen will make available of more quantities of linolenic acid