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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phobe
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1st deconess/visting nurse
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What came from WWI
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American Red Cross - Barton
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Reformation
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time during which Christianity was supressed so all the nurses were made to stop
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Egypt
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earliest med record
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Fertile Crescent
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disease prevention
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Greece
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hippocrates - god of medicine
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rome
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hygiene
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india
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public restrooms, sanitation
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china
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ying yang
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americas
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herbal treatment
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Nightingale
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Crimean War - keep enviro clean, light, ventaliation, nurse 24 hr a day, pure water, diet, noise
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Doreathea Dix
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establishes Nurse Core
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Korean, Vietam Wars made.
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Aire Force Nurses
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Isabel hampton
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first pres of ANA - wantedto delvelop ethic, standard of ed.
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ANA
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open only to reg. nurses, goals of nursing, better general welfare
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Callista Roy
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identify demands placed on clients and seeing how they adapt
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Hildegard Peplau
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develop an interpersonal interaction with nurse and client to reduce tension
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Jean Watson
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must care and focuse on curing factors derived from humanistic and scientific perspectives
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Leininger
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that caring is essesntial to nursing
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Rogers
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compassion is important, and that there are four demensions of a man and the nurse should assist client in achieving optimal wellness
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Orem
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help assist client into self care
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Johnson
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reduce stress in order for the paitent to heal as quickly as possible
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Parse
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to focus humans as living in unity and human's qualitative participation with health experiences * being and becoming
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Gordon
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human needs person family, support system
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LPN
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1 year, must be supervised by RN, responsbilitys are limited
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RN w/ associated degree
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2 yrs, under sup. of RN w/ BA, must pass nat. exam
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RN w/ BA
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4 yrs, equal ed. in theory and clinical
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MAsters Degree
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grad prg. in specific area, nurse pract.
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Doctoral Degree
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3-4 years, researchers/teachers, PhD, PT, OT
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wellness
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a dynamic balance amoung the physical psychological social and spirital aspects of a persons life
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health
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state of complete physical mental social well being not meerely the absnese of a disease
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Steps Of Nursing Process
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assesment - data col.
ANaylsis - diagnons Outcome - identify reachable goals Planning - work with clients and talk about howthey will reach goals Implatation - actiong out the plan Evaluation - was it a success?? |
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qualitative
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research with no numbers, not formal collection, doesnt focus on specific concepts,
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quantitative
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research with numbers, very structured, answers specific question
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triangulation research
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uses both qual and quan research
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research
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deals with NEW knowledge
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problem sovling
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current knowledge
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meta anylsis
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systematic (step by step) reviews that combine many studies using qualitative stats
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evidence bbased practice
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when you use current research to help make decisions
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social efficency
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need or expectation - ex finishing somethign on time
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contemplative efficency
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often forgot about - self reflection
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Two ways nursing research is diff from scientific method
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objectivity and use of empirical data (pain scale) and triangulation - both qual/quan
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Nuremberg Code
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after nazis did terrible things in WWII - clients have the right to an explanation of the study, the procedures and purposes, volutary consent, allowed to withdraw whenever they wany, protect from injurgy (1947)
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Declaration of Helsinki
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(1964)- ethics - solely up the volunteer whether or not they want to participate, and the researchers must never hurt them
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Insistutional Review Boards
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right to freedom from injury, right to privacy/diginity and right to anatmity and confidentaility
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Insitutional REview Board
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exists in hosp. made so that people cant condduct harmful research
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Probability Sampling
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everyone has an equal chance
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Non Prob sampling - convenient sampling
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taking from one floor of hosp. not equal chance thru out the world
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Basic research
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get data without an immediate concern for clinical prac. --> ex trying to undestand structures of the brain
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applied research
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apply to practice-> apply the str. of brain with pple with eating disorders
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experimental research
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two groups - control. experimental, -- empact of preoperative help
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non experimental
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studies are more desciptive and exploratory - describes what already exists and what is this ?? . . . no predictors of the future
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quasi experimental non random
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common in nursing, usually a con. sample
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retrospective/prospective
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look to past/ look as an ongoing
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longitudial study
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hard --> each year ask the same students the same quests.
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cross section study
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ask fresh, soph, jun, seniors all the same question
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direct measure
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ex weight, age - can have error
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indirect measure
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abstract such as quality of car
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list increasing sophication of levels of measurement
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nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio
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systematic error -
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svale was calibrated wrong so everyones wieght was off
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random error
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happens randomly no real reason - voting problem in fl.
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nominal measurement
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just labeled in rnadom order ex different subj
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ordinal measurement
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intervals but ranks arent equal -- ex pain or exercise
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interval measurement
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has same distances - temp -- no abs. zero point
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ratio
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highest* time wieght - has exact 0
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instrument
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measured by reliability and validity
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reliablity
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consistency = if nadine and barone grade test are they both the same using the same scale
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validitys
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does it measure what its supposed to -- does it measure hope ..
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relibility and validity
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can be reliable w/p being valid but if it is valid it must be reliable
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random error
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happens randomly no real reason - voting problem in fl.
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nominal measurement
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just labeled in rnadom order ex different subj
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ordinal measurement
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intervals but ranks arent equal -- ex pain or exercise
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interval measurement
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has same distances - temp -- no abs. zero point
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ratio
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highest* time wieght - has exact 0
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instrument
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measured by reliability and validity
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reliablity
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consistency = if nadine and barone grade test are they both the same using the same scale
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validitys
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does it measure what its supposed to -- does it measure hope ..
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relibility and validity
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can be reliable w/p being valid but if it is valid it must be reliable
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emperical literature
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reports of completed research -aka scientic literature
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operational definitions
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explanations of concepts in temrs of how they are defined for a particular study
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list of a research report
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title, abstract, research probelm, literature review, methods, data collection methods, results discusion
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operational definitions
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when a researcher asks aa question they much know the variables in the study - clear cut statement of how variables are mesured
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literature review
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what has already been studied -- 5 years
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simple hypothesis
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2 variables - one dependent one independent
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dependent variable
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Y , outcome
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independent
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X, treatment
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complex hypothesis
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many variables
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non directional hypothesis
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there is a relationship but no direction - ussually when studies have diff results
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directional hypothesis
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when there is a pos/neg..less more type of correlation
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null hypothesis
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there is no relationship at all
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theoretical literature
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conceptual artibles - non research related
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research/alternative/declarative/scientific hypothesis
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relationship or differece between two variables
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network sampling
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nonprob sampling that takes advantage of social networks -
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purposive sampling/judgement/theorictical
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nonprob sapling where the researcher selects only subjects that have specific characteristics
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snowball sampling
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type of nonprob sampling - good for when you cannnot get the list - relies on subjects identifying other subjects with simliar characteristics
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stratified random sampling
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when populations are divided into subpops then srs is drawn from each stratum
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psychometric evaluation
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evalutes the properies or reliability and validity in relationship to the instruemnts
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Crownbachs Alpha
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r which shows the correlation of consistency
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likert scale
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strong disgree --> strongly agree
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Interal validity
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refers to whether the independent variable makes a difference
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double blind study
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unknown to both parties in the research
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t-test
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parametric procedure for assessing whether two group means are significantly different from eachother
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neg skewed
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tail to left is longer
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robust
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when the stat person doesnt follow the rules but the results are close to being valid
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anaylsis of variance ANOVA
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inferential procedure used to determine difference amoung three or more group means
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operational definition
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assigns meaning to a variable and the terms or procedure to which it is measured
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measures of central tendency
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descriptive statistics that describe the location or apprc center of a distribution of data
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level of confidence
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prob level in which the research hypothesis is accepted with confidence -- .05 is standard
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confidence interval
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a range of values computed from a sample data that estimates a population parameter
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homogeneity of variance
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sit in which the depndent variables dont differ significantly between groups
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symmetrical distbution
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when mean mode and median are all the same
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chi squared
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report of nonparametric statistics that compares frequency of an observed occurance and freq. of expected occurance
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anayltic epidemiological studies
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studies concerned with testing hypothesis to determine if specific exposures are related to the presense or absense of specific diseases
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paradigm
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organizing framework that contains set of assumptions that underlie how scientists view reality truth and research
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randomized clinical trial
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a prospective study evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention in large samples of patients
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content validity
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does the instruemnt meausre the content area - ask a panal - usually in a questionaire or interview
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criterion related validity
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compare instruemnt with another older instr.- could measure the same/diff thing correlation r = _+ 1
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construct
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most difficult to understand - the amount that it measure an intended hypothetical concept
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factor anaylsis
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in construct validity - beaking down concept into many diff components
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interrater reliability
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compare 2 observers or instruments of the same event
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