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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
T/F a routine exam of the forearm requires PA, oblique, and lateral positions
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False
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T/F an AP projection of the upper extremity indicates that the palmar surface of the hand rests on the cassette
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False
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T/F the head of the ulna articulates with the trochlea, while the head of the radius articulates with the capitelum
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False
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T/F the PA forearm position shows superimposition of the radius over the ulna at the wrist point
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False
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T/F to demonstrate the coronoid process in profile, obtain the intenal oblique position of the elbow with the hand pronated
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True
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T/F the lateral position of the elbow shows the radial head without superimposition on the ulna
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False
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T/F to achieve ulnar deviation, the hand is pronated and then flexed to decrease the angle between the 5th digit and the forearm
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True
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T/F Resting the fingertips on the IR when performing an oblique hand position, assures that the interphalangeal joints are open
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False
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T/F adduct the arm when positioning for an AP humerus while using the upright bucky
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false
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T/F A 2-hour KUB is routine when performing an IVU when the kidneys demonstrate normal function and filtration through the collecting system
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False
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T/F KUB centering is used for the nephrogram and 10 minute images of an IVU
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false
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T/F Sensitivity to seafood is an indication of sensitivity to calcium in the IV contrast
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False
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T/F the central ray angle for the AP oblique projections of the urinary system is 25 degrees cephalic
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False
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To visualize kidney, ureters, and bladder mobility, what two patient positions are correct?
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Supine and Upright
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The longitudinal centering for urinary bladder is
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CR enters midway between the ASIS and superior pubic symphysis
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A 15-minute prone abdomen with an IVU study may be requested to....
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Demonstrate filling of ureters & Move superimposing gas shadows
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The 1st image of the IVU taken after injection is a one minute kidney. This image demonstrates
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Function of Renal cortex
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Which medication should be discontinued up to 48 hours after the administration of iodinated contrast
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Glucaphage & Metformin
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How much is the patient rotated from the supine for an AP oblique projection of the urinary system
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25-30 degrees
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T/F in retrograde urography the ureters must be catheterized
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True
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T/F a routine exam of the forearm requires PA, oblique, and lateral positions
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false
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T/F in retrograde urography - it provides little physiologic information
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True
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T/F in retrograde urography the contrast is injected directly into the pelvicalyceal system
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True
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Which projection would place the right kidney paralllel to the IR
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LPO
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T/F to position a PA projection of the wrist, the hand is pronated
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True
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T/F to position a PA projection of the wrist - it is flexed at the metacarpophalangeal joints
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False
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T/F to position a PA projection of the wrist it must be slightly rotated toward the 5th digit
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False
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T/F the lateral position for the wrist, forearm and elbow - the elbow is flexed 90 degrees for all
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True
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T/F the lateral position for the wrist, forearm, and elbow - the thumb is up for all
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True
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T/F the lateral position for the wrist, forearm, and elbow - The CR enters the radial side of the extremity for all
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True
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Describe a Boxers fracture
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displaced fracture to the 5th metacarpal
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In a trauma situation - with an obvious colle's fracture - which position is likely to need modification?
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Lateral
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The pisiform is demonstrated without superimposition with the ____ position
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AP (semi-supination) oblique
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The quality point that assures a true lateral elbow is..
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The epicondyles are superimposed
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Acute flexion of the elbow demonstrates
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AP projection of the olecranon process
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Fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus requires which position?
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AP and transthoracic
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soft tissue radiographs of elbow in the lateral position are often ordered to show
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fat pads
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most common projection of digits 2-5 is
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PA with lateral rotation
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which position demonstrates the scaphoid clearly
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PA in Ulnar Flexion & 20 degrees CR angle
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The 10 joints of the upper limb are all
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synovial tissue & freely moveable
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What is the landmark used for CR placement for lateral hand
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MCP
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What is the landmark used for CR placement for PA wrist
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Radial and Ulnar styloids
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a medical condition considered to be a contraindication for the administration of iodinated contrast is:
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multiple myeloma
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Where do you center for soft tissue neck?
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CR enters midway between the top of shoulder and external auditory meatus (below laryngeal prominence) & CR enters anterior 1/3 of neck for lateral
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What is the technique for soft tissue neck
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65-70 kVp @ 8-12mAs
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What are the Tech's responsibilities for UGI/Barium Swallow
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1) prepare equipment for use: set console with exposure settings (70-80 with iodine), set fluro timer 2) attach spot film device, 3) move bucky tray to lowest position, 4) attach foot stand
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characteristics of barium
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suspension, is inert, passes unchanged through digestive tract, patient should drink plenty of liquids, flocculation causes constipation
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describe gastrografin
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is a medium water soluble, iodinated contrast - not absorbed - draws water from intestinal walls - can cause diarrhea - sodium meglumine salt diatrizoate
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Describe hypaque 76
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is a medium water soluble, iodinated contrast - low concentration of iodine
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Describe sodium bicarbonate crystals
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given orally with water, effervescent with liquid, it is a negative contrast medium, creates air in stomach, outlines the mucosa with a thin line of barium in double contrast studies
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what is the patient prep for esophagram
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undress completely, nothing else
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what is the patient prep for UGI
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NPO after midnight & 8 hours prior to exam, no gum or smoking, undress completely
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What are they looking for in the Barium Swallow
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narrowing, obstruction, varices, diverticulum in esophagus, reflux at cardiac sphincter
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Things to know for Barium Swallow
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exposure is during swallowing, exposure rate at 4 to 10 frames per second, recumbent best demonstrates reflux
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postitions for barium swallow
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Right lateral (erect) & 45 degree RAO (supine)
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where do you center for erect barium swallow
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transverse: 3-6" anterior from the back, longitudinal: top of cassette is 2" above shoulder
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barium swallow technique
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large focal spot, 40" SID, 90-110 kVp, center cell for timing, no breathing instructions
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What is the order of positions for UGI
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AP > R lateral > RAO > Prone
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Order of LGI positions
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AP rectosigmoid axial first > AP > RPO > LPO > left Lateral
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Where is the barium located in an RAO UGI
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Barium is located in body, pylorus, duodenal loop - air will be in the fundus
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Where is the barium located in an LPO UGI
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Barium is located in fundus - air will be in the body
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Where is the barium located in an R lateral UGI
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Barium in pylorus & duodenal loop
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What is the centering for RAO for a UGI
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Transverse: midway b/n spine; longitudinal: level of 10th anterior rib
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What is the centering for RAO in UGI
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Transverse: midway b/n xphoid process & lateral border of left side; Longitudinal: level of 10th anterior rib
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What is the centering for Lateral in UGI
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Transverse: center over anterior 3rd; longitudinal: level of 10th anterior rib
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What are the typical positions for LGI?
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AP, AP Axial, Lateral, RPO, LPO
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What is the technique for LGI
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100-120 kVp @ 300 mA, all 3 cells for AEC, 48" SID
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What is the centering for AP in LGI
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Center IR to iliac crests, midsagittal
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Why is the AP postion done in LGI
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Ascending/Descending colon completely included
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What is the centering for AP axial in LGI
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center IR 2" below ASIS, midsagittal plane
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What is the tube angle for AP axial LGI
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30-40 degrees cephalad; 2" below ASIS
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What does the AP Axial positon show?
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Rectosigmoid area of colon shown
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What is the centering on the LPO in LGI
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center to iliac crests & midline of body
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What is the centering on the Lateral for LGI
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midcoronal plane, center to ASIS
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What is the centering on the RPO in LGI
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center to iliac crest and midline of body, elevated side up
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Why is the LPO in LGI position important
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Shows the hepatic flexure
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Why is the RPO in LGI position important
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Demonstrates left (splenic) flexure and descending colon & Cecum
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Why is the lateral position in LGI important
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Demonstrates rectum and distal sigmoid
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If air is in the transverse colon & the sigmoid what position is this LGI?
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AP
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If air is in the ascending and descending colon in an LGI
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PA
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where is the barium in the AP position in LGI
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Ascending/descending colon & rectum
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Where is the barium in the PA LGI
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transverse and sigmoid colon
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What is the patient prep for IVU
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NPO for 8 hours prior, cleansing of colon, informed consent signature
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What is the required patient history for IVU
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allergies, multiple myeloma, high BP, taking glucophage or metformin, sickle cell disease
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why do we use IV contrast in IVU
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to observe renal cortex & renal parenchyma & renal collecting system
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mild reactions from IV contrast
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flush, metallic taste, hives/rash, rhinitis
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Intermediate/Moderate reactions from IV contrast
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pronounced uticaria, hypotension, wheezing, laryngeal edema
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servere IV contrast reactions in IVU
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profound hypotension, laryngospasm/edema, renal failure, anaphylatic shock, unresponsiveness
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