Private Pilot Stage 1 Pre Solo Stage Check

Front 1

What documents do you have to have with you as a Student Pilot solo?

Back 1

Medical certificate, Student pilot certificate, photo ID, the log book with aeronautical endorsement, and solo endorsement.

Front 2

How long is your Student Pilot certificate valid for?

Back 2

A student pilot certificate expires 24 calendar months from the month in which it is issued. A third class medical certificate expires: If under age 40 on the date of examination, at the end of the last day of the 60th month after the month after the date of examination.

Front 3

If your student pilot certificate expires, does your medical certificate also?

Back 3

No, class C medical certificate if good for 60 calander months.

(A) The 60th month after the month of the date of the examination shown on the certificate if the person has not reached his or her 40th birthday on or before the date of examination; or(B) The 24th month after the month of the date of the examination shown on the certificate if the person has reached his or her 40th birthday on or before the date of the examination.

Front 4

Do you have and how long is your SFAR endorsement good for?

Back 4

In order for someone to manipulate the controls of an R22 or R44 helicopter, they must have received "awareness training" from an authorized flight instructor (CFI). The CFI must issue the student an endorsement stating that the student has received awareness training. This is good for 90 days.

Front 5

What documents have to be in the aircraft?

Back 5

A – Airworthiness Certificate

R – Registration

R – Radio Station License

O – Operating Limitations

W – Weight and Balance

Front 6

Where is the Airworthiness certificate? Where is the Registration? Which one is in front? Why?

Back 6

By law, you must display the airworthiness certificate inside the aircraft where all passengers and crew can see it.

Front 7

What is PIC?

Back 7

Pilot In Command

Front 8

What are your pre flight responsibilities now that you are PIC?

Back 8

Each pilot in command shall, before beginning a flight, become familiar with all available information concerning that flight.

weather reports and forecasts, fuel requirements, alternatives available if the planned flight cannot be completed, and any known traffic delays of which the pilot in command has been advised by ATC

Front 9

How will you determine you are fit to fly?

Back 9

Illness, medication, stress, alcohol, fatigue, emotion/eating

Front 10

How will you determine the aircraft is in airworthy condition?

Back 10

An aircraft which conforms to its "type certificate data sheet" and is "in a condition for safe operation,” is considered to be airworthy.

Front 11

What are the wind restrictions for you as a Student PIC?

Back 11

Wind restrictions are set by the students primary CFI.

Front 12

What is a ceiling?

Back 12

Definition: the lowest broken or overcast layer or vertical visibility into an obstruction.

In aviation, ceiling is a measurement of the cloud base height relative to the ground. Ceiling is reported as part of the METAR (METeorological Aviation Report) used for flight planning by pilots worldwide.

Front 13

What are your ceiling and visibility restrictions for you to fly solo local or cross country?

Back 13

Visual flight rules at Hayward (Class D):

500ft above, 1,000 below, <2,000> to the sides

Ceiling 3,000ft / Visibility 3 square miles

For pre-private solo flight at Verticle CFI Helicopters, sky conditions must be VFR at departure point, in route, your point of intended landing and return flight back to Hayward.

Front 14

What are the three types of rotor systems?

Back 14

Semirigid Rotor System

Rigid Rotor System

Fully Articulated Rotor System

Front 15

What type of rotor system on the R-22?

Back 15

Semi-Rigid

Front 16

What is feathering?

Back 16

feathering means the changing of the pitch angle of the rotor blades.

Front 17

What is settling with power?

Back 17

The vortex ring state, also known as settling with power, is a dangerous condition that may arise in helicopter flight, when a vortex ring system engulfs the rotor causing severe loss of lift. The FAA sees these terms as the same thing, whereas Transport Canada sees them as two different phenomena.

Front 18

What are the three conditions necessary for settling with power?

Back 18

A near zero airspeed, up to 100% power applied, and a better than 300 foot per minute rate of descent

Front 19

How do you know you are in a "settling of power" situation?

Back 19

the helicopter settles into the rotor wash produced by its own main rotor system.

Front 20

How do you get out of a "settling of power" situation?

Back 20

The only way to recover is to gain forward airspeed and allow the rotor system to fly into "Clean air". Once the rotor system is clear of the rotor-wash, it will become efficient again, and the settling with power conditions will cease to exist.

Front 21

When would settling with power be the most dangerous?

Back 21

When hovering just outside of ground effect and during a steep aproach

Front 22

What three conditions are necessary for dynamic rollover?

Back 22

Three conditions are necessary for dynamic rollover to occur; there must be main rotor thrust that equals helicopter weight, one skid must be in contact with the ground or a stationary object, and there must be an inappropriate lateral cyclic input (a rolling tendency about the skid which is in contact with the stationary object)

Front 23

How do you fix an occurring dynamic roll over?

Back 23

Correction is simply lowering the collective (this could mean full-down collective, but not necessarily).

Front 24

What do you do as a Pilot to reduce or eliminate dynamic rollover?

Back 24

Keep eyes looking out towards the horizon, make counter control inputs for wind or slopes.

In the occurrence of dynamic roll over starting (5-8° lift of one skid laterally) immediately drop or reduce collective.

Front 25

What is retreating blade stall?

Back 25

Retreating blade stall is a hazardous flight condition in helicopters and other rotary wing aircraft, where the rotor blade with the smaller resultant relative wind exceeds the critical angle. Any stall is due to an excessive angle of attack.

Front 26

How do you know a "retreating blade stall" is occurring?

Back 26

As the aircraft approaches retreating blade stall conditions, it will shudder and the nose will begin to pitch up.

Front 27

Why does the nose of the Helicopter go up during a blade stall?

Back 27

Because, the advancing blades are still producing lift.

In a retreating-blade stall only the retreating half of the helicopter's rotor disc experiences a stall. The advancing blade continues to generate lift, but the retreating blade enters a stall condition, usually resulting in an uncommanded increase in pitch of the nose and a roll in the direction of the retreating side of the rotor disc.

Front 28

How could you get low G?

Back 28

LOW-G PUSHOVERS ~ EXTREMELY DANGEROUS. Pushing the cyclic forward following a pull-up or rapid climb, or even from level flight, produces a low-G {weightless} flight condition.

Front 29

What happens once you enter a low g situation?

Back 29

there is no main rotor thrust component to the left to counteract the tail rotor thrust to the right, and since the tail rotor is above the CG, the tail rotor thrust causes the helicopter to roll rapidly to the right, If you attempt to stop the right roll by applying full left cyclic before regaining main rotor thrust, the rotor can exceed its flapping limits and cause structural failure of the rotor shaft due to mast bumping, or it may allow a blade to contact the airframe.

Front 30

Normal climb

Back 30

60 knots at 104% rpm

Front 31

Normal cruise

Back 31

75 knots at 102% rpm

Front 32

Hover altitude

Back 32

5 feet at 104% rpm

Front 33

Auto rotation descent speed

Back 33

60-70 knots

Front 34

Max hover speed

Back 34

10 knots groundspeed

Front 35

Max hover speed (lateral/rearward)

Back 35

5 knots groundspeed

Front 36

What is the correct response to a low “G” condition?

Back 36

Using aft cyclic to increase the G force and use right cyclic to follow the rollRaise collective to increase the total rotor thrust and help increase the G forceOnce the G force has been restored then you can recover to straight and level flight.

Front 37

When flying over wires/towers, where do you cross them?

Back 37

The only way to be safe is to avoid the span portion of the line and always cross at a tower, maintaining a safe altitude, with as much clearance as possible.

Front 38

What is the fuel capacity of the main and Aux tanks on the R-22?

Back 38

Main tank total capacity: 19.8 US gallons (75 liters)Main tank usable capacity: 19.2 US gallons (73 liters)Optional aux tank total capacity: 10.9 US gallons (41 liters)Optional aux tank usable capacity: 10.5 US gallons (40 liters)

Front 39

What is the min. – max oil quantities for take off?

Back 39

Recommended maximum oil quantity is six quarts and minimum quantity for takeoff is four quarts as indicated on the oil dipstick.

Front 40

What is the maximum gross weight of the R22?

Back 40

Max. takeoff weight: 1,370 lb (635 kg)

Front 41

Governor Failure

Back 41

If the engine RPM governor malfunctions, grip throttle firmly to override the governor, then switch governor off. Complete flight using manual throttle control.

Front 42

What is the minimum safe altitude for everyone?

Back 42

At least 1,000' ft above the tallest obstacle.

Front 43

What documents have to be in your possession to fly solo?

Back 43

(Part 61); student pilot, medical, gov issued photo I'd, log book, endorsements

Front 44

What documents have to be in the aircraft?

Back 44

Airworthiness, registration, flight limitations

Front 45

What are the pattern altitudes (AGL) at Hayward?

Back 45

Front 46

What is Tower frequency at Hayward?

Back 46

120.2

Front 47

What is ATIS frequency at Hayward?

Back 47

126.7

Front 48

What are your wind restrictions flying solo?

Back 48

Wind restrictions are mandated by the CFI, with a max wind of 25 knots, gusting 15.

Front 49

downwind check

Back 49

Lights out, gauges are in the green, we have fuel, carborator heat full up and out of the yellow.

Front 50

What do you do when the clutch light flickers or stays on?

Back 50

If the light stays on it can indicate a bearing or belt failure in the vee-belt drive. If this occurs immediately pull the clutch circuit breaker. Select the closest safe landing place and make a normal power on landing.

Front 51

Vne

Back 51

Never exceed speed

Front 52

What is the configuration for Max glide distance?

Back 52

Airspeed aprox. 75 KIAS.Rotor RPM aprox. 90%.Best glide ratio is aprox. 4:1 or one nautical mile per 1500 feet AGL.CAUTION: Increase rotor RPM to 97% minimum when autorotating below 500 feet AGL.

Front 53

What will you do if a chip/warning light comes on?

Back 53

in the R22 for a gearbox / chip warning light is an immediate forced landing under power if accompanied by noice/vibration, otherwise "land as soon as practicable" which I will interpret here as the same thing.

Front 54

What are the equipment/instrument requirements for the aircraft. Hint: Camals Foot

Back 54

Compass, ASI, Manifold Pressure Gauge, Altimeter, Lights, Seatbelts, Fuel Gauge, Oil Pressure, Oil Temperature Gauge, Tachometer

Front 55

What are the equipment/instrument requirements for the aircraft at night? FLAPE

Back 55

FLAPE: Fuses, Landing Lights, Anti-collision lights, Position Lights, Electrical Source

Front 56

Where do you expect to find the maintenance logbooks?

Back 56

Aircraft facilities

Front 57

What kind of fuel can we use in the R22?

Back 57

Aviation Gasoline. 100 Low lead Blue or 100/130 Green

Front 58

What is induced drag?

Back 58

It is a byproduct of lift.Lift formula =good AOA, good airspeed over the blade,certain amount of air density and a big enough blade to produce it. In a hover the induced airflow is decreased and therefore we need to increase our AOA by increasing blade pitch. This creates vortices near the blade and makes the relative wind go downward and rear word near the blade. Because the lift produced by the blade is perpendicular to the relative wind, the lift is inclined aft by the same amount. THE COMPONENT OF LIFT THAT IS ACTING IN A REARWARD DIRECTION IS INDUCED DRAG.

Front 59

What is your VFR minimum fuel requirement?

Back 59

20 minutes extra to wherever your flying.

Front 60

What do you do if the alternator light comes on?

Back 60

Indicates low voltage and possible alternator failure.Turn off nonessential electrical equipment and switch off and back on after one second to reset over voltage relay.If light stays on, land as soon as practical.Worst case scenario, it can lead to loss of the tachometer.

Front 61

What do you do if the low RPM light/horn come on?

Back 61

Indicates rotor RPM may be below safe limits. To restore RPM, immediately roll throttle on, lower collective and in forward flight, apply aft cyclic.Horn and light are disabled when collective is full down.

Front 62

What is ATIS?

Back 62

Air Terminal Information Service.Continuous broadcast of recorded non control primarily weather info. Its purpose is to improve controller effectiveness and to relieve frequency congestion by automating transmission of essential but routine information.

Front 63

What is a MET-AR?

Back 63

Meteorological Aviation Report.Reported hourly unless a special report is necessary.

Front 64

How long is your SFAR endorsement good for?

Back 64

90 days

Front 65

What class Medical certificate do you have?

Back 65

3rd class

Front 66

What is the cloud clearance in class Delta airspace?

Back 66

3 statute miles, 500 feet below. 1,000 feet above. 2,000 feet horizontal.