Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is a bundle of muscle fibers?
|
fascicle
|
|
|
Muscle Spindles
|
-monitor changes in muscle length
|
|
|
Motor Unit
|
-motor neuron and all muscle fibers it innervates
|
|
|
What binds to troponin to activate contraction?
|
-calcium
|
|
|
Myosin vs Actin
|
-thick vs thin
|
|
|
What causes depol at the motor end plate?
|
Sodium
|
|
|
What happens to lung pressure to allow inspiration?
|
-it decreases
|
|
|
3 Energy Systems
|
-Phoshagen
-Glycolysis -Oxidative |
|
|
Pyruvate's two directions?
|
-converted to lactate (fast)
-converted to acetyl-CoA (slow) |
|
|
What is the Rate Limiting Enzyme of glycolysis?
|
-phosphofructokinase
|
|
|
Cori Cycle
|
-converts lactate to glucose
|
|
|
Net gain of ATP for 1 Krebs cycle
|
35-37 ATP
|
|
|
Predominant Energy System Used depends on?
|
-Intensity
|
|
|
What substance can me metabolized anaerobically?
|
-carbs
|
|
|
Energy System with the highest rate of energy production?
|
Phosphagen
|
|
|
After exercise, creatine phosphate resynthesis occurs within?
|
-8 Minutes
|
|
|
What catalyzes the reaction of creatine phosphate to donate its phosphate to ADP?
|
creatine kinase
|
|
|
NADH, FADH2 transport H to what?
|
electron transport chain
|
|
|
What must fatty acids be broken down to, to enter the Krebs Cycle?
|
- Acetyl-CoA
|
|
|
Permissiveness
|
-A must be present for full strength of B
|
|
|
Synergism
|
-A and B act separately but enhance eachother when together
|
|
|
Antagonism
|
-A opposes B
|
|
|
Is Production of lactate a function of hormones?
|
No
|
|
|
What are the two different types of receptors
|
-intracellular
-cell surface |
|
|
Is cholesterol a chemical classification of hormones?
|
No
|
|
|
What hormone has the greatest influence on neural changes?
|
Testosterone
|
|
|
What hormone is higher is women at rest than men?
|
Growth Hormone
|
|
|
After Exercise, acute hormones provide on?
|
-metabolic demands of exercise
-amount of stress -type of stress |
|
|
What gland secretes growth hormone?
|
-anterior pituitary
|
|
|
What hormone mirrors the increase of GH and converts amino acids to carbs?
|
Cortisol
|
|
|
What are catecholamines?
|
-norepinephrine
-epinephrine -adrenaline |
|
|
What increases when GH doses are given?
|
collagen synthesis
|
|
|
Do acute hormones improve protein synthesis and muscle hypertrophy?
|
No
|
|
|
2 Roles of Binding Proteins
|
-mobilize hormone stores
-protect hormone degredation |
|
|
Weight
|
-9.8 X Mass in Newtons
|
|
|
Work
|
-Weight X Distance X Reps in Joules
|
|
|
Power
|
-Work/Time in Watts
|
|
|
Prime mover of a muscle is also called?
|
- agonist
|
|
|
What muscles have short fibers and are arranged obliquely to their tendons?
|
Pennate
|
|
|
What is highly correlated with force production?
|
Muscle Cross Sectional Area
|
|
|
How are joints classified?
|
-by the number of directions in which rotation can occur
|
|
|
Force velocity curve says that as velocity increases?
|
Force decreases
|
|
|
To compare performances of powerlifters of different weights a formula divides load lifted by ?
|
-body weight to the 2/3 power
|
|
|
In weight bearing activity, what cells migrate to strain to secrete collagen to reinforce bone?
|
-osteoblasts
|
|
|
Where does cartilage get its oxygen and nutrients?
|
-synovial fluid
|
|
|
What is muscle hypertrophy?
|
-increase in the cross sectional area of existing fibers
|
|
|
Adding aerobic training to resistance training does what?
|
-compromises power gains
|
|
|
What fibers are bypassed as a result of selective recruitment that allows maximum power during a 1 RM snatch?
|
-Type 1
|
|
|
HR X Systolic BP as?
What does this measure? |
-Rate Pressure Products
-myocardial work |
|
|
Increasing strength in the left arm by training the right arm is referred to as?
|
-cross education
|
|
|
Cardiac Output
|
-SV times HR
|
|
|
1 MET is equivilant to ?
|
-3.5 ml per kg of body weight per minute
|
|
|
Most CO2 is in blood as?
|
-bicarbonate
|
|
|
Elite aerobically trained athletes adapt by?
|
-increase maximal oxygen uptake
-decrease blood lactate -increase running economy |
|
|
Early adaptation to high altitude?
|
-increased resting CO
|
|
|
Strength scores compared between sexes are equal when?
|
-relative to body weight
|
|
|
Bone mineral density of 2.0 standard deviations below young adult mean?
|
-osteopenia
|
|
|
What should be evaluated 1st in a senior's training program?
|
-medical history
|
|
|
What is the most significant adaptation to chronic resistance training?
|
-increased muscle mass
|
|
|
What is the best recommendation for an already well trained woman looking for increased muscle mass?
|
3 X 10 @ 80% 1 RM
|
|
|
What variable plays the biggest role in muscle hypertrophy?
|
-exercise volume
|
|
|
Over 200 scientific journals support the use of?
|
-Creatine Monohydrate
|
|
|
Dosing method for creatine?
|
-20-25 g per day for 5 days, then 3-5 g per day
|
|
|
What improves endurance performance?
|
-caffeine
|
|
|
What stabilizes testosterone ratio?
|
-Human Chorionic Gonodotopin
|
|
|
2 important variables for protein recommendation?
|
1- quality
2- distribution of when you consume it |
|
|
Best way to see if athlete is consuming adequate calories?
|
-by their body weight
|
|
|
What is the order of a test battery?
|
1 - Non-fatiguing; 2 - Agility tests
3- Power/Strength; 4 - Speed tests 5- Muscular endurance; 6 - long anaerobic 7 - aerobic capacity |
|
|
Most valid test of muscle power for a basketball player?
|
- vertical jump
|
|
|
What is not a method of measuring body composition?
|
-waist circumference
|
|
|
If athlete wanted to increase lower body endurance what should the rest time be?
|
- 30 seconds
|
|
|
What intensity is most appropriate for increasing muscular strength?
|
-90% 1 RM
|
|
|
What volume has the potential to increase muscular strength the most?
|
- 5 X 5
|
|
|
What is the best surface to do lower body plyometrics?
|
- suspended wood floor
|
|
|
Most intense plyos?
|
-depth jumps
|
|
|
What is the most appropriate work/rest ratio for plyometrics?
|
- 1:5
|
|
|
As contraction velocity increases, force?
|
-decreases
|
|
|
What most influences maximum velocity?
|
- stride frequency
|
|
|
What is the number 1 determinant when choosing agility exercises?
|
-if it is sport specific
|
|
|
What is the ability to maintain maximum velocity for more than 6 seconds?
|
-speed endurance
|
|
|
Calculation for HRR?
|
- 220 minus age
-APMHR minus RHR - HRR times intensity, plus RHR |
|
|
What intensity should long,slow distance training be completed at?
|
- about 70% of VO2 Max
|
|
|
What intensity should pace/tempo training be completed at?
|
- at lactate threshold
|
|
|
What intensity should interval training be completed at?
|
- close to VO2 Max
|
|
|
What intensity should Fartlek training be completed at?
|
- varies
|
|
|
For basketball, what is the best relationship between intensity and volume in the preparatory period?
|
-increase volume, decrease intensity
|
|
|
During what period are sport-specific activities performed in greatest volume?
|
- competition
|
|
|
General Adaption Syndrome (GAS)
|
1 - Alarm
2 - Resistance 3 - Exhaustion |
|
|
What is the best activity during the 2nd transition period for a soccer player?
|
-low intensity recreational exercise
|
