Principles And Techniques Of Infection Control

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Asepsis

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Absence of microorganisms that produce disease. The prevention of infection by maintaining a sterile condition

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Sepsis

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The presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in the blood of tissues

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Contamination

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When something is rendered as unclean and non sterile

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Decontamination

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The use of physical or chemical means remove, inactivate, or destroy blood borne pathogens on a surface to the point where they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles

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Spore

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Hard thick walled capsule formed by some bacteria that contains essential parts of the protoplasm of the bacterial cell.

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Pathogen

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Microorganism that produces disease

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Infection

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Production of a diseaseof harmful condition by the entrance of disease producing germs into an organism

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Disinfection

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The destruction or removal of pathogenic organisms

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Reservoir

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Microorganisms require a place where they can grow and reproduce

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Exit

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Microorganisms also require a means by which they can leave the host

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Transmission

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Microorganisms must pass from one person to another to spread the infection

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Infection

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The microorganism must be able to enter the person (it must have a portal of entry)

Ex: person's skin barrier, mucous membranes, the mouth etc.

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Susception

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The person who receives the microorganisms must be susceptible to them. A person whose body systems cannot destroy, repel, remove or ward off the microorganism is a susceptible host

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Asepsis Technique

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Protect the person or object from becoming contaminated or infected by pathogen

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Medical Asepsis

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A person is already contaminated so he/she should be kept away from others; Confine pathologic organisms to one specified area, object, or person ; ISOLATION; Clean Approach

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Surgical Asepsis

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The caregiver is the carrier so he/she will make sure that he will not contaminate others; Exclude all microorganisms before they can enter or contaminate sterile field.

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Standard precautions

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Are designed to protect health care worker and patients in a hospital and other health care settings regardless of the diagnosis or infection status; best means to control infections

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Transition-based Precautions

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To protect the caregiver from specialized patients with highly transmissible pathogens

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Hand hygiene

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Most important activity that every caregiver and hospital visitor should perform before and after contact with patient.

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Direct contact

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Most common method of transmission

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Hand washing

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Soap and water; preferred method when hands are visibly dirty, soiled, or considered contaminated

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Contact

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Direct from one person to another, indirectly from an object, surface, or person; Herpes Simplex, S. Aureus, vancomycin-resistant; Gloves, Gown

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Droplet

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Travel short distance directly from the respiratory tract to mouth or conjunctiva or nasal mucosa; Mask, Face Shield

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Airborne

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Transferred by small infectious particles in the respirable size range; N-95 respirator or higher

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Protective Isolation

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Used when a patient with a condition or disease that causes a high risk of becoming infected

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Sterile field

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Surgical asepsis; to maintain the sterility of objects contained within the field; to keep the area free from pathogens

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Gloves

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Effective barrier between the caregiver's hands and the patient

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Gown

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Protect the clothing from being contaminated or soiled to decrease the transmission of microorganisms

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Mask

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Reduce the spread of microorganisms transmitted through air

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Protective eyewear

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Prevents fluids from entering the eyes

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Closed-Gloved Technique for Asepsis

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Reduce the possibility of glove contamination when the gloves are being applied

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Open- Glove Technique for Asepsis

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Greater potential for glove contamination

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Sterilization

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Used to destroy all forms of microbial life, including high number of bacterial spores

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Disinfection

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High level disinfection destroys all forms of microbial life except high numbers of bacterial spores

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Hand rubbing

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Alcohol based hand rub, 60-80% alcohol and 1-3% skin conditioning; most effective technique; less time to use, more accessible; reduces bacterial counts on hands, less damage to the skin than soap and water

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T or F: Monkeypoz can be transmitted through close and intimate contact

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T

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Spread of virus

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Start of symptoms until rash has fully healed. Usually 2-4 weeks

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Pregnant with Monkeypox

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Mother can spread the virus to their fetus via the placenta

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Infected animals

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Through scratches and bites. Preparing or eating meat or using products from an infected animal