Prevet Anatomy

Front 1

the cell is surrounded by ____

Back 1

cell membrane

Front 2

the cell is composed of a _____ and ____ that contains _____ and _____

Back 2

nucleus and cytoplasm
organelles and inclusions

Front 3

cellular ____, ____, and____ vary widely according to its function

Back 3

shape
size
structure

Front 4

cell membrane or plasmalemma consists of two leaflets of _____ molecules. Their ___, ____ heads face both the cytoplasmic and extracellular surface, whereas _____, ____ tails oppose each other

Back 4

phospholipid molecules
polar, hydrophilic heads
nonpolar, hydrophobic tails

Front 5

proteins within the lipid bilayer may be_____ ___ ____ or _____ ___ ___

Back 5

integral transmembrane protein or peripheral transmembrane protein

Front 6

they glycocalyx coat (_____ and _____) is present in external leaflet of the cell membrane which protects the cell from ___ and ___ damage

Back 6

glycolipid and glycoprotein
mechanical and chemical damage

Front 7

the cell membrane is _____ permeable. there are special _____ ___

Back 7

selectively permeable
special selective sites

Front 8

the nucleus is bounded by a ____ ____ and contains ___, ____, or ____ and a ______ matrix.

Back 8

nuclear envelope
chromatin, nucleolus, or nucleoli, and a nuclear matrix

Front 9

most nuclei are ____ or ___ but may be ____ shaped (smooth muscle)

Back 9

spherical or ovoid may be spindle-shaped

Front 10

what is the shape of monocytes nucleus

Back 10

bean or kidney shaped

Front 11

what is the shape of neutorphils nucleus

Back 11

multilobulated

Front 12

normally cells contain one nucleus; however _____ ____ cells and _____ have several nuclei

Back 12

skeletal muscle cells and osteoclasts

Front 13

nuclear envelope consists of __ concentric membranes seperated by a wide_____ space

Back 13

2
perinuclear

Front 14

the nuclear envelope is interuppted by numerous pores which provide selective and active transport between____ and ____

Back 14

nucleus and cytoplasm

Front 15

chromatin is composed of _______, ___, ___, and ____

Back 15

DNA, proteins, histones, and non-histone chromosomal proteins

Front 16

what are the 2 forms of chromatin ?

Back 16

heterochromatin and euchromatin

Front 17

heterochromatin in ____ clumps, predominant in relatively ____ cells

Back 17

basophillic clumps
inactive cells

Front 18

euchromatin, is abundant in___ cells , ___ stained, and ____ dispersed

Back 18

active cells
lightly stained
unifomly dispersed

Front 19

the sex chromatin ___ ___ is prominent in _____ (a type of WBC) in females

Back 19

barr bdoy
neutrophils

Front 20

nucleolus is spherical and basophilic, prominent in cells that are actively synthesizing ___?

Back 20

protein

Front 21

the nucleolous is composed of loops of ___ which contain a group of ___ genes.

Back 21

DNA
RNA genes

Front 22

the nucleolus is involved in the synthesis of ____ and its packaging into precursor _____.

Back 22

RNA
ribosomes

Front 23

____ occur freely in the cytoplasm or with RER

Back 23

ribosomes

Front 24

all cells, except ____ ___ ____ contain ribosomes

Back 24

mature mammalian erythrocytes

Front 25

what is the function of ribosomes?

Back 25

to make protein

Front 26

the endoplasmic reticulum consists of a network of____ bounded by membranes, which are either studded with ____ (RER) or without ____ (SER)

Back 26

tubules
ribosomes
ribosomes

Front 27

In the ER, aggregates of ___ appear as basophilic and are involved in ____ synthesis

Back 27

RER
protein

Front 28

in the ER, ____ is abundant in cells involved in lipid metabolism (synthesis of steroid hormones)

Back 28

SER

Front 29

the golgi apparatus consists of ___ membranes bounded by flattened _____ and associated ____ and ____ on either side

Back 29

parallel membranes
flattened cisternae
tubules and vesicles

Front 30

the function of the golgi apparatus is it provides a site for the ___, ___, and ____ of secretory proteins into membrane bound vesicles

Back 30

accumulation, concentration, and packaging

Front 31

another function of the golgi apparatus is the biosynthesis of ____, ___, ___, and ____.

Back 31

glycoproteins, glycolipids, phospholipids, and neutral lipids

Front 32

lysosomes are membrane bound vesicles that contain_____ enzymes such as ___, ___, or ____

Back 32

hydrolytic enzymes
nucleases, proteases, lipases

Front 33

____ is the chief source of energy for the cell

Back 33

mitochondria

Front 34

the mitochondria is composed of outer and inner membranes, Their inner membrane is thrown into folds called ____ which contain ___

Back 34

cristae
enzymes

Front 35

the mitochondrial matrix contains ___ and ___

Back 35

DNA and ribosomes

Front 36

the cytoskeleton is composed of ____, ___, and ___ embedded in the cytoplasmic matrix or cytosol

Back 36

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

Front 37

microfillaments cause cellular ___ in muscle cells and are associated with membrane activites such as ___, ___, and cell migratory activity

Back 37

contraction
endocytosis and exocytosis

Front 38

intermediate filaments are present in almost every cell, they are abundant in cells subject to _____ ___

Back 38

mechanical stress

Front 39

microtubules are tubular structures that play a significant role in the _____ of cell form and _____ of organelles and ____, such as secretory granulules

Back 39

maintainence and transport
vesicles

Front 40

Microtubules play a significant role in ____ ____ and are the major component of the _____

Back 40

cell division
centriole

Front 41

what are the 5 cytoplasmic inclusions?

Back 41

glycogen
lipid
melanin
hemosiderin
lipofuscian

Front 42

intercellular junctions. _____ ___ constitues a barrier that prevents the passage of water soluble molecules form lumen to intercelluar space and vice versa. this may be selectively permeable to certain substances

Back 42

tight junction

Front 43

What are the 3 types of Adhering junctions?

Back 43

zonula adherens
desmosome or macula adherens
hemidesosomes

Front 44

______ _____ are prominent in lining the cells of the intestine

Back 44

zonula adherens

Front 45

___ or ___ ____ present between two adjacent cells

Back 45

desmosomes or macula adherens

Front 46

_____ connect the cells from extracellular matrix protein

Back 46

hemidesmosomes

Front 47

____ _____ permit the direct passage of inorganic ions and other water soluble molecules from cell to cell

Back 47

communicating (gap) junction

Front 48

what are the 4 specializations of free cell surface?

Back 48

cilia
flagellum
microvilli
stereocillia