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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
dmf index
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decayed, missing and filled surfaces or teeth in the primary dentition
cumulative exposure of children under age 6 to dental disease |
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Prevalence of oral leukoplakia is a risk factor or risk indicator?
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risk indicator - no longitudinal component.
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Risk factor? risk indicator vs. risk marker
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Risk factor: attribute or exposure that increases the probability of disease occurrence
dose-response biologically plausible strong causal role longitudinal analysis Risk indicator - cross sectional association, theoretical causal role Risk marker - attribute or exposure associate with increased probability of disease -not considered part of causal chain |
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Oral cancer incidence..
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Incidence-
30,000 new cases per year (ACS) ~ 9,000 cancer deaths/year in U.S. 50% five-year survival rate survival rates vary by extent of disease and race |
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How does the incidence rate of oral and pharyngeal cancer change with age?
Incident rates by location, race, education, and death rates |
Increases with age and plateaus around age 80. men have greater incidence of cancer than female.
-greatest amt in larynx + mouth, less in pharynx, lip, and tongue. Regional is more common than localized. Blacks more likely to have regional cancer than white. Oral cancer deaths are higher in non hispanic blacks, higher in those less educated |
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Prevention of oral CA: primary, secondary, and tertiary factors
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Primary - reduce risk factors, ?dietary?
Secondary - early detection and treatment, i.e., of susceptible people via molecular epidemiology localized disease removal of risk factors at dx Tertiary - excellent care to ameliorate... |
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Incisor trauma
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varies by age
6-50 y.o. -25% 6-20 y.o. - 18.4% and 21-50 y.o. 28.1 and tooth type mandibular - 6.3%, maxillary - 22.6% |
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Kvittem study - high school athletes
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In high school athletes, in one year
At least one orofacial injury occurred - 27.6 % in soccer 55.4% in basketball 72.3% in wrestling 6% of the athletes used mouthguards none were injured fixed ortho-->greater risk |
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Prevention of injuries - primary, secondary, tertiary
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Primary - seat belts, mouthguards, helmets
Secondary - early detection but no reversal Tertiary- early and expert tx of injury to ameliorate the negative effects of the injury (tooth loss through failed endo for example) |
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Describe the data available on malocclusion + prevention
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Variable measurements (Burt and Eklund, 1999)
no good epidemiologic data most recent national data show that (Brunelle et al, 1996) among 8-50 year olds- 11% had 6mm+ maxillary incisor crowding 15% had 6mm+ mandibular incisor crowding 9% had posterior crossbite |
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Main reason why people got extractions?
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Caries was main reason why most got extractions.
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Caries incidence in children and adults
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1 carious tooth surface / person / year
Griffin et al., 2005 Incidence in older adults = 1.44: i.e., .87 coronal + .57 root surfaces per person per year - Hand et al., 1988 Primary reason for extractions in users of VA care - Jones et al., 2003 |
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Predictors of high root caries incidence ?
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age
ADL dependent functional decline unemployed retired smoking low salivary flow high % root plaque high S. mutans loss of attachment gingival recession root tips partial dentures extensive fixed pros |
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Low risk caries in adults - what factors constitute this?
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No carious lesions within the last 3 years
Good salivary flow Evidence of good daily oral care (e.g., DRM Plaque Index score of 0-1, or <20% of root surfaces with plaque) Regular dental visits (at least 1x/year) |
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Moderate caries risk - what constitutes this?
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1-2 new carious lesions within the last 3 years
Evidence of moderate daily oral care High carbohydrate or sugar intake Inadequate fluoride exposure (brushing less than 2x/day and no other fluoride source) |
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Reported xerostomia and salivary dysfunction
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in this case, xerostomia is subjective.
-# of medications taken - as this increases, the xerostomia increases as well. |
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High risk caries
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3 or more carious lesions within the last 3 years
Reduced salivary flow Evidence of poor daily oral care (heavy plaque) High S.mutans counts Medical conditions that contribute to caries susceptibility (e.g.: head and neck radiation, psychiatric conditions, drug abuse and others) |