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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Homozygous |
has a pair of matching alleles, which are the two genes that control a particular trait |
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Heterozygous |
One dominant and one recessive trait |
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Phenotype |
physical characteristics
example: skin color, height |
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Genotype |
the genetic makeup of an organism |
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
DNA |
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DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic acid, present in nearly all living organisms
A double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information for cell growth, division, and function. |
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Ribonucleic acid |
RNA |
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RNA |
generally single stranded and plays a role in transferring information from DNA to protein-forming system of the cell. |
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DNA Replication |
process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules |
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Nitrogenous bases of DNA |
a nitrogen containing base
4 kinds in DNA: adenine & guanine = purines cytosine and thymine = pyrimidines |
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A-T |
adenine and thymine |
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C-G |
cytosine and guanine |
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Selective breeding |
process by which humans breed other animals and plants for particular traits
artifical selection |
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Gel electrophoresis |
procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying and electrical voltage to the gel |
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Restriction enzymes |
used to cut a DNA sequence into smaller fragments |
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Genetic engineering |
making changes in the DNA code of a living organism |
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Is colorblindness more common in males or females? Why? |
More common in males. X linked alleles are always expressed in male, because males only have one X chromosome. Males who receive the recessive X allele all have colorblindness |
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XX |
female |
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XY |
male |
