Premolars

Front 1

1. What major traits distinguish the maxillary premolars from the mandibular from the buccal view?

Two things...

Back 1

1. Buccal ridge is more prominent

2. No distal crown tilt relative to root

Front 2

2. What major traits distinguish the mandibular premolars from the maxillary from the buccal view?

Two things...

Back 2

1. Buccal ridge is less prominent

2. Crown exhibits slight distal tilt on root

Front 3

3. What major traits distinguish the maxillary premolars from the mandibular from the lingual view?

Two things...

Back 3

1. Lingual cusps relatively longer than mandibular

2. Tip of lingual cusp is offset towards mesial

Front 4

4. What major traits distinguish the mandibular premolars from the maxillary from the lingual view?

Two things...

Back 4

1. Lingual cusps relatively shorter

2. Lingual cusp tip is centered or two lingual cusps

Front 5

5. What major traits distinguish the maxillary premolars from the mandibular from the proximal view?

Two things...

Back 5

1. Crown tips aligned over root

2. Lingual cusp is just slightly shorter than buccal

Front 6

6. What major traits distinguish the mandibular premolars from the maxillary from the proximal view?

Two things...

Back 6

1. Crown tilts to lingual relative to root

2. Lingual cusp is much shorter than buccal

Front 7

7. What major traits distinguish the maxillary premolars from the mandibular from the occlusal view?

Two things...

Back 7

1. Crown shape oval or rectangular

2. Crown is considerably wider FL than MD

Front 8

8. What major traits distinguish the mandibular premolars from the maxillary from the occlusal view?

Back 8

1. Crown shape is closer to square

2. Crown less oblong FL

Front 9

9. How is the cusp of the maxillary first premolar an exception to the rule?

What is a consequence of this

Back 9

Buccal cusp tip is placed slightly distal

Longer mesial cusp ridge

Front 10

10. Where are there depressions on the maxillary premolars from the buccal view?

Back 10

First - mesial buccal ridge depression

Second - distal buccal ridge depression

Front 11

11. How do the cusp angles of the maxillary premolars compare?

Which maxillary premolar has a more prominent buccal ridge?

Which cusp ridge is longer for the maxillary first premolar? second?

Back 11

First is sharper, second is more blunt

First premolar

First - mesial cusp ridge
Second - distal cusp ridge

Front 12

12. How do the outlines of the maxillary premolars compare?

How do they taper from contact areas?

Back 12

First - bulging shoulders
Second - narrow, more rounded

First tapers more from contacts to cervix

Front 13

13. How can you differentiate the right and left maxillary first premolar from the buccal view?

Three things...

Back 13

1. Longer mesial cusp ridge

2. Depression mesial to buccal ridge

3. Root often curves distal

Front 14

14. How can you differentiate the right and left maxillary second premolar from the buccal view?

Three things...

Back 14

1. Shorter mesial cusp ridge

2. Depression distal to buccal ridge

3. Root often curves distal

Front 15

15. How can you differentiate the right and left maxillary first and second premolars from the lingual view?

Two ways...

Back 15

1. Lingual cusp tip is bent towards distal

2. Length of buccal cusp ridges
-mesial longer on first
-distal longer on second

Front 16

16. Which premolar has one cusp longer than the other from the proximal view?

How are the cusp tips spaced on the maxillary premolars from the proximal view?

Back 16

First (buccal cusp)

Closer on first and farther apart on second

Front 17

17. Where are there depression seen on the maxillary first premolar from the proximal view?

Back 17

1. Mesial crown and root depression

2. Mesial root depression is deeper than distal

3. Mesial marginal ridge groove

Front 18

18. Where are there depression seen on the maxillary second premolar from the proximal view?

Back 18

1. Mesial root depression

2. Distal root depression is deeper than mesial

Front 19

19. How can one differentiate the right and left maxillary second premolar from the proximal view?

Two ways...

Back 19

1. Flat/convex mesial root surface at cervix

2. Greater mesial than distal cervical line curvature

Front 20

20. How do the mesial sides of the maxillary premolars compare from the occlusal view?

Back 20

First - mesial side is flat or concave

Second - mesial side is more convex

Front 21

21. How can one differentiate the right and left maxillary first premolar from the occlusal view?

Three ways...

Back 21

1. Hallmark trait - mesial marginal ridge groove

2. Lingual cusp tipped toward mesial

3. Distal marginal ridge is longer than mesial

Front 22

22. How can one differentiate the right and left maxillary second premolar from the occlusal view?

Two ways....

Back 22

1. Lingual cusp tipped to mesial

2. Distal marginal ridge is longer than mesial

Front 23

23. How do the crowns of mandibular premolars compare from the buccal view?

Back 23

First
1. Longer crown
2.Tapers from contact to cervix

Second
1. Shorter, wider crown
2. Relatively wider at cervix

Front 24

24. Which mandibular premolar has a more pointed buccal cusp tip?

Which one has a more prominent buccal ridge?

Which one has a longer root with blunt apex?

Back 24

First

First

Second

*First has shorter root with pointed apex

Front 25

25. How can one differentiate left and right mandibular first and second premolars?

Back 25

Mesial cusp ridge is shorter

Front 26

26. What is special about the contact area of the mandibular first premolar?

Back 26

Mesial contact is more cervical than distal

*Exception to a rule

Front 27

27. How do the crowns of the mandibular premolars compare from the lingual view?

Back 27

First - narrow crown on lingual

Second - wide on lingual
*Exception to a rule

Front 28

28. Where are there grooves on the mandibular premolars from the lingual view that are hallmarks?

Back 28

First - mesiolingual groove in mesial marginal ridge

Second - lingual groove between two lingual cusps

Front 29

29. From which proximal view is more of the occlusal surface visible on the mandibular first premolar from the lingual aspect?

Second premolar?

Back 29

Mesial

Distal

Front 30

30. . If the mandibular second premolar has three cusps which lingual cusp is larger?

Back 30

Mesiolingual cusp

Front 31

31. Which mandibular premolar has a greater lingual cusp tip from the proximal view?

Back 31

First

Front 32

32. How do the lingual and buccal cusps compare on the mandibular premolars from the proximal view?

Back 32

First - L is much shorter than B

Second - L is slightly shorter than B

Front 33

33. How do the mesial marginal ridges compare on the mandibular premolars from the proximal view?

Back 33

First - parallel to buccal triangular cusp ridge

Second - higher and horizontal

Front 34

34. How can one tell the right and left mandibular first premolar apart from the proximal view?

Three ways...

Back 34

1. Mesiolingual groove

2. More occlusal surface is visible

3. M marginal ridge is parallel to buccal triangular ridge

Front 35

35. How can one tell the right and left mandibular second premolar apart proximal view?

Three ways...

Back 35

1. More occlusal surface is visible from the distal

2. Mesiolingual cusp is larger if has three cusps

3. D marginal ridge is lower than M

Front 36

36. What is unquie about the mesial root depression of the maxillary first premolar?

Back 36

It extends onto mesial of crown

Front 37

37. How do the crown outlines of the mandibular premolars compare from the occlusal view?

Back 37

First -
1. Non symmetric outline
2. Converges toward lingual esp on mesial side

Second -
1. Square outline
2. May be wider on lingual

Front 38

38. Are there transverse ridges on both mandibular premolars?

Back 38

First has a definite transverse ridge

Second does not if it is 3-cusp type
*Instead there is a "Y" groove pattern

Front 39

39. How can one differentiate the left and right mandibular first premolar from the occlusal view?

Four things...

Back 39

1. More convex on distal

2. Mesiolingual corner is flat (chopped off)

3. ML groove is common

4. Distal fossae larger than mesial

Front 40

40. How can one differentiate the left and right mandibular second premolar from the occlusal view?

Three things...

Back 40

1. Lingual cusp is centered or mesial (three cusp)

2. Lingual groove on 3-cusp with ML cusp

3. Distal fossa smallest on 3-cusp

Front 41

41. What is the mesial concavity on the maxillary first premolar known as?

Back 41

Mesial marginal developmental groove

*Groove extends onto the root
(mesial intraradicular groove)

Front 42

42. What is the only tooth in the permanent dentition to have a longer mesial marginal ridge than distal?

Back 42

Maxillary first premolar