Prehospital Emergency Care Ch 11 And 12

Front 1

what does accurate measurement of vitals over time do?

Back 1

may reveal critical trends in the patients condition

Front 2

vital signs

Back 2

(outward signs to what is going on inside the body)
-breathing (respiration)
-pulse
-skin
-pupils
-blood pressure

Front 3

emt equipment needed to take vitals

Back 3

-sphygmomanometer
-stethoscope
-wristwatch
-penlight
-emt shears
-pen and notebook to record
-ppe for bsi
-pulse ox

Front 4

average breathing rate

Back 4

adult 12-20
child15-30
infant-25-50

Front 5

normal breathing

Back 5

normal rate and adequate tidal volume
either missing its inadequate

Front 6

labored breathing

Back 6

patient is working hard to breath
-grunting or stridor
-use of accessory muscles
-infants and children may be retraction of skin around clavicle and between ribs

Front 7

noisy breathing

Back 7

snoring, wheezing, gurgling, crowing, stridor

Front 8

pulse

Back 8

pressure wave generated by contraction of the left ventricle
-carotid, brachial, radial, feomoral commonly used
-less used- popliteal,posterior tibial
dorsalis pedis

Front 9

radial patients assesed in what age patients?
brachial for what age

Back 9

-1 and above
-birth to 1

Front 10

tachycardia

Back 10

over 100 bpm

Front 11

bradycardia

Back 11

60 bpm

Front 12

normal pulse take for how long?
irregular take for?

Back 12

regular 30 seconds x 2
-irregular for 60 seconds

Front 13

pulsus paradoxus

Back 13

no pulse during inhalation
-indication of sever cardiac or respiratory illness or significant blood loss

Front 14

skin color check where?
for infants children and drak skinned also check?

Back 14

nail beds, oral mucosa (mouth), and conjunctiva (eyelid)
-infants and children and dark skin also check palms and soles

Front 15

mottling

Back 15

dicoloartion similar to cyanosis however it occurs in a blotchy pattern

Front 16

skin temp

Back 16

asses by palcing back of hand against patients skin
-normal skin is warm
abnormal-hot, cool, or cold

Front 17

skin condition

Back 17

normal is dry
-wet or moit is clammy-can be heart related, cardiac, poisoning, diabetic or many other things
diaphoresis-profuse sweating

Front 18

cap refill

Back 18

amount of time it takes pressed capillaries to refill again, more reliable in infants and younger children
-infants and child 2
adult male 3
females 4

Front 19

measure bp in patients of what age and above?

Back 19

3 or older

Front 20

orthostatic vitals

Back 20

(also known as tilt test)
-done for suspected volume loss
-1 vital supine and 1 standing or
if hr increases by 10-20bpm and bp decreases 10-20 mmHG it is a positive orthostatic test

Front 21

reassess vital how often?

Back 21

15 for stable
5 for unstable

Front 22

pulse ox

Back 22

measure hypoxia by measuring oxygen saturation in blood
-normal 97-100
-less than 95 hypoxic
less than 90 severe hypoxia

Front 23

reducing the patients anxiety

Back 23

-bring order to environment
-introduce yourself
-gain patient consent
-position yourself
-use communication skills
-be courteous
-use touch when appropriate

Front 24

active listening techniques

Back 24

facilitation
-reflection
clarification
empathetic response
confrontation
interpretation

Front 25

sign v symptom

Back 25

sign something you see (objective)
symptom something they say (subjective)

Front 26

scene size up
3 goals of scene size up

Back 26

emts inital evaluation of a scene to which he has been called
1. posible hazards
2. what led you to be called to scene (trauma or med)
3. need more or specialized resources

Front 27

how to do scene size up
5 steps

Back 27

1.take neccessary standard precautions
2.evaluate scene for safety hazards
3.determine moi or noi
4.determine # of patients
5. determine need for additional resources

Front 28

1st goal of scene size up

Back 28

ensure safety of responding emts

Front 29

ppe

general rule for ppe?

Back 29

any type of equipment you put on to reduce risk of personal injury or illness
-dont use any ppe you not trained for
-wear same level of ppe as others on scene

Front 30

scene safety

Back 30

assessment of a scene to ensure well being of emt, patient, and bystanders
-should begin with receipt of call from dispatcher

Front 31

power lines

Back 31

consider all power lines charged until a power company rep tells you they are not

Front 32

moi

Back 32

how the patient was injured

Front 33

index of suspicion

Back 33

an anticipation that certain types of accidents will produce specific types of injuries

Front 34

inspecting scene of a fall look at?

Back 34

-distance patient fell
-surface patient landed on
-body part impacted first

Front 35

vehicles significant external signs

Back 35

deformity greater than 20 inces
-intrusion into passenger compartment
-rollover
-displacement of vehicle axle

Front 36

atvs common type of injury

Back 36

crush type injuries and clothesline type injuries that damage neck and airway