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263 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy |
Refers to the structure of the body, and the relationships of its parts to each other. (How the body is made) |
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Physiology |
Refers to the function of the body and its living parts. (How the body works) |
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Anatomical Position |
Point of reference. Standing erect, facing forward, with arms down at the sides, palms facing forward. |
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Supine |
The patient is lying face up on his back. |
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Prone |
The patient is lying face down on his stomach. |
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Lateral recumbent (recovery) position |
The patient is ting on his left or right side. On the side that is easier to monitor the airway. |
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Fowlers position |
Patient is lying on his back with his upper body elevated at a 45 to 60 degree angle. |
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Semi-Fowlers Position |
The patient is lying on his back with the upper body elevated at an angle less than 45 degrees. |
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Trendelenburg Position |
The patient is lying on his back with his legs elevated higher than his head and body at an inclined plane. |
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Shock Position |
Alternative to the trendelenburg position, only feet and legs are elevated approximately 12 inches. |
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Anatomical Plane |
Imaginary divisions of the body |
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Sagittal Plane |
Median plane, vertical plane that runs lengthwise and divides the body into right and left segments. Segments don't have to be equal. If they are equal it is the midsagittal plane. |
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Frontal or coronal plane |
Divides the body into front and back halves |
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Transverse or horizontal plane |
Parallel with the ground and divides the body into upper and lower halves. Also called the axial plane |
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Midline |
Vertically through the patients body, from head to toes. Divides the patient into equal halves. |
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Midaxillary Line |
Vertically from the arm pit to the ankles. |
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Anterior Plane |
Patients front |
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Anterior Plane |
Patients front |
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Posterior plane |
Patients back |
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Transverse Line |
Horizontally through the patients waist |
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Superior plane |
Above the waist |
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Inferior Plane |
Below the waist. |
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Anterior |
Toward the front |
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Posterior |
Toward the back |
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Superior |
Above the point of reference |
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Superior |
Above the point of reference |
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Inferior |
Below the point of reference |
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Superior |
Above the point of reference |
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Inferior |
Below the point of reference |
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Dorsal |
Towards the back |
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Ventral |
Towards the front |
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Ventral |
Towards the front |
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Medial |
Towards the midline |
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Medial |
Towards the midline. |
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Lateral |
Away from the midline |
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Proximal |
Near the point of reference |
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Proximal |
Near the point of reference |
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Distal |
Distant, far from the point of reference |
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Bilateral |
Refers to both sides |
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Bilateral |
Refers to both sides |
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Unilateral |
Refers to one side |
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Bilateral |
Refers to both sides |
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Unilateral |
Refers to one side |
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Ipsilateral |
Refers to the same side |
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Right and left |
Always the patients right and left |
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Right and left |
Always the patients right and left |
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Midclavicular |
Refers to the center of each of the collarbones (clavicle) |
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Midaxillary |
Center of the armpit (axilla) |
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Midaxillary |
Center of the armpit (axilla) |
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Planter |
Sole of the foot |
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Midaxillary |
Center of the armpit (axilla) |
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Planter |
Sole of the foot |
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Palmer |
Palm of the hand |
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Abdominal quadrants |
Divides the abdomen by horizontal and vertical lines drawn through the umbilicus (navel) |
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Musculoskeletal system |
Consists of a bony framework, or skeleton, held together by ligaments that connect bone to bone, layers of muscles, tendons that connect muscle to bone, and various other connective tissue |
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Musculoskeletal system |
Consists of a bony framework, or skeleton, held together by ligaments that connect bone to bone, layers of muscles, tendons that connect muscle to bone, and various other connective tissue |
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Skeletal system: 4 functions |
1 gives the body it's shape 2 protects vital internal organs 3 allows for movement 4 store minerals and produces blood cells |
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Skull |
Rests at top of spinal column and protects brain. Two main parts: face and cranium |
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Skull |
Rests at top of spinal column and protects brain. Two main parts: face and cranium |
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Cranium |
Top back and sides of the skull |
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Skull |
Rests at top of spinal column and protects brain. Two main parts: face and cranium |
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Cranium |
Top back and sides of the skull |
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Face |
Area between brow and chin |
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Skull |
Rests at top of spinal column and protects brain. Two main parts: face and cranium |
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Cranium |
Top back and sides of the skull |
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Face |
Area between brow and chin |
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Orbits |
Eye sockets |
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Nasal bones |
Bed of the nose |
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Maxillae |
Fused bones to upper jaw |
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Zygomatic bones |
Cheekbones |
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Mandible |
Lower jaw |
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Spinal column |
Vertebral column, support system of the body |
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Vertebrae |
Spinal column bones, irregular blocked shaped bones |
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Cervical spine |
C1 - c7 (neck) most prone to injury, first seven |
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Thoracic Spine |
T1 - T12 (upper back) 12 pairs of thoracic ribs are attached to this spine |
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Thoracic Spine |
T1 - T12 (upper back) 12 pairs of thoracic ribs are attached to this spine |
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Lumbar apine |
L1 - L5 (lower back) least mobile of the vertebrae. |
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Sacral spine |
S1 -s5 (back wall of the pelvis) fused together to form the back wall of the pelvis. |
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Sacral spine |
S1 -s5 (back wall of the pelvis) fused together to form the back wall of the pelvis. |
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Coccyx |
Tailbone. Last 4 vertebrae. Fused together and do not have the protrusions characteristics of the other vertebra |
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Thorax |
Chest. Composed of ribs, sternum (breastbone) and thoracic spine |
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Clavicle |
Collarbone |
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Clavicle |
Collarbone |
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Manubrium |
Superior portion of the sternum |
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Xiphoid process |
Inferior portion of the sternum |
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Pelvis |
Doughnut shaped structure that consists of several bones, including the sacrum and the coccyx |
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Iliac creat |
Wings of the pelvis, at each side of the pelvis |
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Iliac creat |
Wings of the pelvis, at each side of the pelvis |
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Pubis |
Anterior and inferior portion of the pelvis |
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Ischium |
Inferior and posterior part of the pelvis |
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Chest |
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Back |
Back (Definition) |
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Topographic anatomy |
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Main body cavity a |
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Right upper quadrant |
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Left upper quadrant |
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Right lower quadrant |
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Left lower quadrant |
Back (Definition) |
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Extremities |
Limbs of the body |
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Acetabulum |
Pelvic socket |
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Femur |
Thigh bone |
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Patella |
Kneecap |
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Tibia and fibula |
Two bones of the lower leg. Tibia is the weight bearing bone. Located on the anterior and medial side of the leg |
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Malleolis |
Knobby surface landmarks of the ankle joints |
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Calcaneus |
Heel bone |
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Tarsals |
A group of bones that make up the proximal portion of the foot |
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Phalanges |
Form the toes |
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Scapula |
Shoulder blade |
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Acromion |
Tip of the shoulder girdle |
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Humerus |
The proximal portion of the arm |
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Superior skeletal system |
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Inferior skeletal system |
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Inferior skeletal system |
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Radius |
Lateral bone of the fore arm |
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Ulna |
The medial bone of the forearm |
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Olecranon |
Part of the ulna that forms the bony prominence of the elbow |
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Carpals |
8 bones making up wrist |
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Metacarpals |
Structural strength of the hands |
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Joint |
A place where one bone connects to the other |
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Flexion |
Bending toward the body |
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Extension |
Straightening away from the body |
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Adduction |
Movement toward the midline |
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Circumduction |
Combination of the 4 motions, should is capable of such. |
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Pronation |
Turning the forearm so that the palm of the hand is turned toward the back |
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Pronation |
Turning the forearm so that the palm of the hand is turned toward the back |
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Supination |
Turning the forearm so that the palm of the hand is toward the front |
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Ball and socket joint |
Permits the widest range of motion. Shoulder and hip joints |
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Ball and socket joint |
Permits the widest range of motion. Shoulder and hip joints |
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Hinged joint |
Forward motion. Joints in elbow knee and finger |
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Ball and socket joint |
Permits the widest range of motion. Shoulder and hip joints |
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Hinged joint |
Forward motion. Joints in elbow knee and finger |
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Pivot joint |
Turning motion. Joint between the head and neck |
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Gliding joing |
Simplest movement. Connects the smallest joints in hands and feet |
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Gliding joing |
Simplest movement. Connects the smallest joints in hands and feet |
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Saddle joint |
Limited movement. Like ankles |
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Condyloid joint |
Like ball in socket but limited. Wrist |
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Joints |
Back (Definition) |
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Freely moving joints |
Back (Definition) |
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Skeletal muscle |
Voluntary muscle, can be contracted or relaxed by the will of the individual |
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Muscular system |
Back (Definition) |
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Three types of muscles |
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Smooth muscles |
Involuntary muscles, large fibers that carry out the automatic muscular functions of the body through rhythmic, wavelike movements. |
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Cardiac muscle |
Found only in the walls of the heart. Involuntary muscle. Specifically for work f the heart |
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Smooth muscle working |
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Resperation |
Moving oxygen and carbon monoxide across membranes, in and out of the alveoli, capillaries, and cells. |
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Oxygination |
Form of respiration in which oxygen molecules move across a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low oxygen concentration |
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Ventilation |
Mechanical process in which air is moved in and out of the lungs |
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Respiratory system |
Transports air to the blood |
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Pharynx |
Throat |
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Oropharynx |
Oral portion of the pharynx |
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Nasopharynx |
Nasal part of the pharynx |
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Esophagus |
Leads to the stomach |
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Trachea |
Leads to the lungs and is anterior to the esophagus |
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Larynx |
Voice box, houses the vocal cords, superior to the treachea |
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Thyroid cartilage |
Adam's apple, anterior cartilage that covers the larynx |
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Cricoid cartilage |
A firm full ring of cartilage that forms the lower edge of the larynx |
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Epiglottis |
Small leaf shaped flap that protects the trachea |
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Bronchi |
Distant portion of the trachea branching off into two main tubes |
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Bronchioles |
Each bronchi divides and subdivides |
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The respiratory system N |
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Normal and constricted bronchioles |
Back (Definition) |
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Alveoli |
Each enclosed in a network of capillaries. At the ends of tiny air sacks |
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Lungs |
Principle organs of respiration. Two large lobbed organs |
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Diaphragm |
Done shaped muscle essential to breathing. Separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity |
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Diaphragm |
Done shaped muscle essential to breathing. Separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity |
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The pleural lining of the lungs |
Back (Definition) |
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Intercostal muscles |
The muscle between the ribs |
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Alveolar / capillary gas exchange |
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Capillary / cell gas exchange |
Back (Definition) |
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Circulatory system |
Composed of the heart blood vessels and blood |
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Heart |
Highly effective pump that is chambered in the chest between the two lungs and is a muscular organ |
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Atria |
Upper chamber of the heart |
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Ventricles |
Lower chamber of the heart |
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Valves |
Keeps the blood flowing in one direction and prevents back flow of blood |
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Valves |
Keeps the blood flowing in one direction and prevents back flow of blood |
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Tricuspid valve |
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
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Valves |
Keeps the blood flowing in one direction and prevents back flow of blood |
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Tricuspid valve |
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
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Pulmonary valve |
In the base of the pulmonary artery in the right ventricular |
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Valves |
Keeps the blood flowing in one direction and prevents back flow of blood |
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Tricuspid valve |
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
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Pulmonary valve |
In the base of the pulmonary artery in the right ventricular |
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Mitral valve |
Bicuspid valve, between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
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Valves |
Keeps the blood flowing in one direction and prevents back flow of blood |
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Tricuspid valve |
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
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Pulmonary valve |
In the base of the pulmonary artery in the right ventricular |
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Mitral valve |
Bicuspid valve, between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
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Aortic valve |
At the base of the aortic artery in the left ventricle |
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Artery |
Carries blood away from the heart |
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Artery |
Carries blood away from the heart |
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Aorta |
Major artery from the heart |
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Coronary arteries |
The vessels that supply the heart itself with blood |
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Cardiovascular system |
Back (Definition) |
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Blood flow through chambers of the heart |
Back (Definition) |
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Cardiac conduction system |
Back (Definition) |
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The coronary arteries |
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Comparitive structure of arteries, capillaries, and veins |
Back (Definition) |
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Carotid arteries |
One on each side of the neck. Supply the brain and head with blood |
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Femoral artery |
Major artery of the thigh and supplies the groin and leg with blood |
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Dorsalis pedis arteries |
An artery in the foot, top surface of foot on the big toe side |
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Posterior tribial arteries |
Travels from the calf to the foot |
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Brachial arteries |
Major artery in the upper arm |
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Radial arteries |
Major artery in the arm distal to the elbow joint |
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Pulmonary arteries |
Originate at the right ventricle of the heart, carry oxygen depleted blood to the lungs. Then blood is oxygenated in the lungs and sent to the heart to get pumped to the body |
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Arteriole |
Smallest kind of artery. Carey blood from the arteries to the capillaries |
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Venule |
Smallest branch of the veins. Connected to the distal ends of the capillaries |
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Veins |
Carries blood back to the heart |
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Venae cavae |
Carry oxygen depleted blood back to the right atrium |
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Pulmonary veins |
Carry oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium |
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Red blood cells |
Give the blood it's color, carry oxygen to the body cells, carry carbon emissions dioxide away from the cells |
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Red blood cells |
Give the blood it's color, carry oxygen to the body cells, carry carbon emissions dioxide away from the cells |
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White blood cells |
Part of the body's immune system and help to defend against infection |
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Red blood cells |
Give the blood it's color, carry oxygen to the body cells, carry carbon emissions dioxide away from the cells |
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White blood cells |
Part of the body's immune system and help to defend against infection |
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Platelets |
Clotting factor in blood |
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Plasma |
Liquid part of the blood |
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Pulse |
Wave of propelled blood |
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Blood pressure |
The force exerted by the blood on the interior walls of the artery. |
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Systolic blood pressure |
Exerted against the walls of the left artery a when the left ventricle contracts |
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Systolic blood pressure |
Exerted against the walls of the left artery a when the left ventricle contracts |
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Diastolic blood pressure |
Exerted against the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle is at rest |
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Hydrostatic pressure |
Force exerted on the inside of the vessel walls as a result of the blood pressure and volume |
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The effects of hydrostatic pressure on a vessel |
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Edema |
Swelling occurring in the tissues |
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Perfusion |
The delivery of oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients to the cells of all organ systems, and the elimination of carbon dioxide and other waste products |
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The circulatory system and tissue perfusion |
Back (Definition) |
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Hypoperfusion |
Insufficient supply of oxygen and other nutrients to some of the body's cells and the inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide and other wastes |
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Aerobic metabolism |
Oxygen chemical and physical changes that take place within the cell |
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Aerobic metabolism |
Oxygen chemical and physical changes that take place within the cell |
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Anaerobic metabolism |
Without oxygen, patient loosing blood and oxygen isn't getting to the body enough |
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Nervous system |
Controls the voluntary and involuntary actions of the human body |
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Aerobic metabolism |
Oxygen chemical and physical changes that take place within the cell |
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Anaerobic metabolism |
Without oxygen, patient loosing blood and oxygen isn't getting to the body enough |
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Nervous system |
Controls the voluntary and involuntary actions of the human body |
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Central nervous system |
Consists of the brain, the spinal cord, |
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The cerebellum |
The small brain. Posterior and inferior aspects of the cranium |
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The cerebellum |
The small brain. Posterior and inferior aspects of the cranium |
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Brainstem |
Controls respiratory center the cardiac center and the vasotor center |
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The cerebellum |
The small brain. Posterior and inferior aspects of the cranium |
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Brainstem |
Controls respiratory center the cardiac center and the vasotor center |
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Peripheral nervous system |
Composed of nerves located outside of the spinal cord and brain. |
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Nervous systems |
Back (Definition) |
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Endocrine system |
Ductless glands, the boys regenerates |
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Endocrine system |
Ductless glands, the boys regenerates |
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Endocrine system |
Back (Definition) |
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Integumentary system |
Skin |
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Epidermis |
Outermost layer of skin |
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Subcutaneous layer |
Just below the layer of the fatty tissue on the skin, last layer |
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Subcutaneous layer |
Just below the layer of the fatty tissue on the skin, last layer |
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Skin |
Back (Definition) |
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Subcutaneous layer |
Just below the layer of the fatty tissue on the skin, last layer |
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Skin |
Back (Definition) |
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Digestive system |
Carry in and out food |
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Digestive system |
Back (Definition) |
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Subcutaneous layer |
Just below the layer of the fatty tissue on the skin, last layer |
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Skin |
Back (Definition) |
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Digestive system |
Carry in and out food |
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Digestive system |
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Common prefixes |
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Common prefixes |
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Common suffixes |
Back (Definition) |
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Common prefixes |
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Common suffixes |
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