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119 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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EMS System |
Emergency Medical Services System
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Anatomy
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the structure of the body and the relationship of its parts to each other.
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Physiology
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The function of the living body and it's parts.
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Anatomical Postion
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The patient is standing erect, facing forward, with arms down at the sides and palms forward.
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Supine
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The patient is lying face up on his back.
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Prone
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The patient is lying face down on his stomach.
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Lateral recumbent postion
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the patient is lying on his left or right side.
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Flowers postion
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The patient is lying on his back with his upper body elevated at a 45° to 60° angle.
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Semi Fowler 's Postion |
The patient is lying on his back with the upper body elevated at an angle less than 45°
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Trendelenburg position
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The patient is lying on his back with the legs elevated higher than the head and body on an inclined plane.
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Shock position
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Alternative to the Trendelenburg position,where only the feet and legs are elevated approximately 12 inches.
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Anatomical Planes
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Imaginary divisions of the body.
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Sagittal planes
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a vertical plane that runs lengthwise and divides the body into right and left segments. Doesn't have to be equal haves.
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median plane
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Midsagittal plane |
VerticAl plane that runs lengthwise and divides the body into equal right and left segments.
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Frontal/Coronal plane
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Divides the body into front and back halves
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Transverse/Horizontal plane |
Parallel with the ground and divides the body into upper and lower halves
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Midline |
Vertical line through the middle of the patient's body, beginning at the top of the head and continuing down through the nose and the navel and to the ground between the legs. |
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Midaxillary line |
Vertical line drawn from the middle of the patient's armpit down to the ankle. |
Divides the anterior plane and posterior plane |
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Anterior Plane |
The patient's front |
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Posterior Plane |
The patient's back |
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Transverse Line |
Horizontal line drawn through the patients waist |
Divides the superior plane and the inferior plane |
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Superior Plane |
above the waist |
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Inferior Plane |
Below the waist |
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Anterior |
towards the front |
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Posterior |
towards the back |
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Superior |
towards the head or above the point of reference |
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Inferior |
towards the feet or below the point of reference |
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Dorsal |
towards the spine |
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Ventral |
towards the abdomen |
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Medial |
towards the midline or center of the body |
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Lateral |
away from the midline of the body |
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Bilateral |
both left and right sides of the body |
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Unilateral |
one side of the body |
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Iplilateral |
same side |
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Contralateral |
opposite side |
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Proximal |
near the point of reference |
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Distal |
far from the point of reference |
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Right and Left |
Always the patient's right and left |
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Midclavicular |
refers to the center of each of the collar bones |
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Midaxillary |
refers to the center of the armpit |
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Plantar |
refers to the sole of the foot |
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Palmar |
refers to the palm o the hand |
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Abdominal Quadrants |
the four parts of the abdomen as divided by imaginary horizontal and vertical lines through the umbilicus |
Lower Left Quad., Lower Right Quad., Upper Left Quad., Upper Right Quad. |
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Musculoskeletal System |
Consists of bony framework, or skeleton, held together by ligaments, layers of muscles, tendons and various other connective tissues |
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Ligaments |
connect bone to bone |
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Tendons |
Connect muscle to bone |
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Skull |
rests at the top of the spinal column and houses and protects the brain and is divided into two parts |
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Cranium |
Forms the top, back and sides of the skull plus the forehead. |
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Face |
area of the skull between the brow and chin |
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Orbits |
eye sockets |
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Nasal Bones |
the bed of the nose |
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Maxillae |
fused bones of the upper jaw |
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Zygomatic Bones |
Cheekbones |
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Mandible |
Lower Jaw |
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Spinal column/ Vertebral column |
the principal support system of the body |
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Vertebrae |
Irregularly shaped blocks of bone that make up the spinal column |
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Intervertebral Disk |
Fluid-filled pad of tough elastic cartilage between two vertebrae |
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Cervical Spine |
the first seven vertebrae from the cervical spine |
C1-C7 (neck) |
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Thoracic Spine |
The 12 thoracic vertebrae that are directly inferior to the cervical spine form the upper back |
T1-T12 (Upper back) |
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Lumbar Spine |
The 5 vertebrae that form the lower back and are the least mobile of the vertebrae |
L1-L5 (Lower Back) |
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Sacral Spine |
The 5 vertebrae that are fused together to form the rigid part of the posterior side of the pelvis |
S1-S5 (back wall of the pelvis) |
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Coccyx |
The last four vertebrae that are fused together and do not have the protrusions characteristic of the other vertebrae |
tailbone |
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Thorax |
Chest |
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Sternum |
Breastbone |
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Clavicle |
Collarbone |
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Manubrium |
superior portion of the sternum |
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Xiphoid Process |
inferior portion of the sternum |
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Pelvis |
doughnut-shaped structure that consists of several bones, including the sacrum and the coccyx |
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Iliac Crest |
"Wings" of the pelvis |
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Pubis |
the anterior and inferior portion of the pelvis |
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Ischium |
the posterior and inferior portion of the pelvis |
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Extremities |
Limbs of the body |
arms and legs |
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Acetabulum |
Pelvic socket |
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Femur |
thighbone |
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Patella |
Kneecap |
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Tibia |
The weight-bearing bone located at the anterior and medial side of the leg |
Shin |
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Fibula |
attached to the tibia at the top and is located at the lateral side of the leg parallel to the tibia |
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Malleolus |
The knobby surface landmarks of the ankle joint |
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Calcaneus |
heel bone |
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Tarsals |
make up the proximal portion of the foot |
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Metatarsals |
form the substance of the foot |
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Phalanges |
form the toes and fingers |
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Scapula |
shoulder blade |
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Acromion |
Tip of the shoulder blade |
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Humerus |
The proximal portion of the arm |
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Radius |
the lateral bone of the forearm |
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Ulna |
the medial bone of the forearm |
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Olecranon |
part of the ulna that forms the bony prominence of the elbow |
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Carpals |
bones that form the wrist |
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Metacarpals |
bones of the hand |
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Joint |
The place where one bone connects to another |
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Flexion |
Bending toward the body or decreasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body |
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Extension |
Straightening away from the body or increasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body |
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Abduction |
Movement away from the midline |
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Adduction |
Movement toward the midline |
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Circumduction |
A combination of the four preceding motions as is possible with the shoulder joint |
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Pronation |
Turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the back |
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Supination |
Turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the front |
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Ball-and-Socket Joint |
Type of joint that permits the widest range of motion- flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation |
Shoulder and hip joints |
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Hinged Joint |
Permit flexion and extension |
elbow, knee, and fingers |
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Pivot Joint |
Allows for a turning motion |
wrist and neck |
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Gliding Joint |
Where one bone slides across another to the pint where surrounding structures restrict the motion |
the small bones in the hands and feet |
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Saddle Joint |
Shaped to permit combinations of limited movements along perpendicular planes |
the ankle allows the foot to turn inward slightly as it moves up and down |
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Condyloid Joint |
Modified ball-and-socket joint that permits limited motion in two directions |
Wrist allows the hand to move up and down and side to side, but not to rotate completely |
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Skeletal Muscle/Voluntary Muscle |
Can be contracted and relaxed by will of the individual. Makes deliberate movement possible. |
Walking, chewing, swallowing, smiling, frowning, talking |
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Smooth/Involuntary muscle |
Made up of large fibers that carry out the automatic muscular functions of the body through rhythmic, wavelike movements |
Moving blood through the veins, bile from the gallbladder. |
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Cardiac Muscle |
special kind of involuntary muscle particularly suited for the work of the heart |
found only in the walls of the heart |
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Respiration |
The process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide across membranes, in and out of the alveoli, capillaries, and cells. |
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Oxygenation |
The form of respiration in which oxygen molecules move across a membrane from an area of high oxygen concentration to an area of low oxygen concentration. |
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Ventilation |
The mechanical process by which air is moved in and out of the lungs. |
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Respiratory System |
The organs involved in the exchange of gases between an organism and the atmosphere |
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Pharynx |
Throat, common passageway for food and air |
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oropharynx |
oral portion of the pharynx |
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Nasopharynx |
nasal portion of the pharynx |
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Esophagus |
Structure that leads to the stomach |
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Trachea |
Structure that leads to the lungs |
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Larynx |
houses the vocal cords |
"voice box" |
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Thyroid Cartilage |
The anterior cartilage that covers the larynx |
"Adam's Apple" |
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Cricoid Cartilage |
a firm, full ring of cartilage that forms the lower edge of the larynx |
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