Preclinical Keywords Chapter 4

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ADA

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American Dental Association

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Antimicrobial agnet

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any agent that kills or suppresses the growth of microorganisms

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Antiseptic

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a substance that prevents or arrests the growth or action of microorganisms wither by inhibiting thier activity or by destroying them, term used especially for preparations applied topically to living tissue

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Asepsis

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free from contamination with microorganisms, includes sterile conditions in tissues and on materials, as obtained by exclusion, removing, or killing organisms

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Chain of asepsis

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a procedure that avoids transfer of infection. The "chain: implies that each step, related to the previous one, continues to be carries out without contamination

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Aseptic technique

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procedures carried out in the absence of pathogenic microorganisms

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Bioburden

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a microbiologic load, that is the number of contaminating organisms present on a surface prior to sterilization or disinfection

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Biofilm

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the surface film that contains microorganisms and other biologic substances

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Biohazard

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a substance that poses a biologic rosk because it is contaminated with biomaterial with a potential for transmitting infection

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Biologic indicator

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a preparation of nonpathogenic microorganisms, usually bacterial spores, carried by an ampule or a specially impregnated paper enclosed within a package during sterilization and subsequently incubated to verify that sterilization has occurred

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Broad spectrum

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indicates a range of activity of a drug or chemical substance against a wide variety of microorganisms

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Chemical indicator

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a color change stripe or other mark, often on autoclave tape or bag, used to monitor the process of sterilization, color change indicates that the package has been brought to a specific temperature, but it is not an indicator of sterilization

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Contamination

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introduction of microorganisms, blood or other potentially infectious material or agent onto a surface or into tissue

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Decontamination

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disinfection, use of physical or chemical means to remove inactivate or destroy pathogenic microorganisms on a surface or item to the extent that they are not longer capable of transmitting infectious disease, the surface or item is rendered safe for handling, use, or disposal

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Disinfectant

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an agent usually a chemical but may be a physical agent such as x-ray or ultraviolet light that destorys microorganisms but may not kill bacterial spores, refers to substances applied to inanimate objects

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EPA

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United States Environment Protection Agency

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EPA registered

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number on a label inicates that the product has the acceptance of EPA

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FDA

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United States Food and Drug Administration, regulates food, drugs, biologic products, medical devices, radiologic products

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Infection control

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the selection and use of procedures and products to prevent the spread of infectious disease

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Infectious waste

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contaminated with blood, saliva, or other substances, potentially or actually infected with pathogenic material, officially called "regulated" waste

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Invasive procedure

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entry into tissues during which bleeding occures or the potential for bleeding exists

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Healthcare-associated infection

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an infection associated with or acquired during a medical or surgical intervention, replaces nosocomial, which is limited to an adverse infectious outcome occurring in a hospital

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OSAP

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Organization for Safety and Asepsis Procedures Research Foundation

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OSHA

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United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor

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PEP

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postexposure prophylaxis

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PPE

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personal protective equipment

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Sanitation

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the process by which the number of organism on inanimate objects is reduced to a safe level. It does not imply freedon from microorganisms and generally refers to a cleaning process

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Shelf life

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stability of an team after it has been prepared, length of time a substance or preparation can be kept wthout changes occurring in its chemical structure or other properties

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Sporicide

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substance that kills spores

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Sterilization

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process by which all forms of life, including bacterial spores are destroyed by physical or chemical means

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Synergism

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the joint action of agents so that their combined effect is greater than the sum of thier individual parts

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Infectious waste

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capable of causing an infectious disease

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Contaminated waste

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items that have contected blood or other body secretions

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Hazardous waste

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poses a risk to humans or the environment

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Toxic waste

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capable of having a poisonous effect

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Regulated waste

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liquid blood or saliva, sharps contaminated with blood or saliva, and nonsharp solid waste saturated with or caked with liquid or semisolid blood or saliva or tissue including teeth (OSHA)