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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Applying the same infection control procedures during the care of all clients, regardless of their health histories
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universal precautions
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how do you handle waste disposal during treatment
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discard saliva or blood soaked items in biohazard bag taped to cabinet, do not allow contaminated waste to accumulate on tray, wipe instrument before returning to tray
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high level disinfectant
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kills all/ inactivates bacterial spores and all forms of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, depending on contact time can either be disinfectant or sterilant
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describe chemical vapor under pressure
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alcohol, formaldehyde, ketone, and water heated under pressure to produce a gas, 20 minutes. adv: ease of operation, no corrosion, relatively short cycle. DIS: ventilation, slight odor, special solution required
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the absence of infectious materials, achieved by removing or killing microorganisms
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asepsis
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what are antiseptics applied to
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living tissues
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what are disinfections applied to
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inanimate objects
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physical or chemical process that destroys all living organisms including bacterial spores in or on an object
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sterilization
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procedures to reduce or eliminate the likelihood of disease transmission
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infection control protocol
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sanitation
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the process by which the number of organisms on inanimate objects is reduced to a safe level. It does not imply freedom from microorganisms and generally refers to a cleaning process
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synergism
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the joint action of agents so that their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual parts
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invasive procedure
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entry into tissues during which bleeding occurs or the potential for bleeding ocurs
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broad spectrum
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indicates a range of activity of a drug or chemical sustance against a wide variety of microorganisms
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aseptic technique
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procedures carried out in the absence of pathogenic microorganisms
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agents that kill sporicidal, bacteriocidal, and virucidal
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cidal
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what is an antimicrobial agent
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any agent that prevents or arrests the growth or action of microorganisms either by inhibiting their activity or by detroying them; term used especially for preparations applied topically to living tissue
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items designed to protect oral healthcare workers from exposure to blood-borne and other pathogens (gloves, masks, safety, glasses
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personal protective equipment
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what is OSHA
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occupational safety and health administration that became effective in 1992. it protect occupational health care workers against exposure to bloodborne infectious disease
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what is the best indication of disinfectant-tuberculocial
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myobacterium tuberculosis is the most heat resistance organism. It is used as a benchmark.
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what is the best verification of steriliation and what does it entail
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monitoring, involves use of weekly spore strips or vials. monitoring microorganisms include: bacillus stearothermophilis for autoclave and chemical vapor and bacillus subtilis for dry heat and ethylene oxide
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describe ethyline oxide
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commonly used in hospitals or institutions, creates a gas vapor toxic to microorganisms at relatively low temperature, 10-16 hours, adv: does not damage heat sensitive materials, low temperature. DIS: long cycle, use of hazardous chemical high cost
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decribe dry heat (oxidation of cell parts)
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2 hours, adv: does not dull or corrode, easy to use , non-toxic. dis: long exposure time, poor penetration, destroy heat-sensitive materials
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name four sterilization methods
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moist heat-steam under pressure, dry heat, chemical vapor, and ethyline oxide
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briefly describe steam autoclave?
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moist heat under pressure, 15-30 minutes, adv: time efficient, good penetration, wide range of materials, nontoxic. dis: possible corrosion of non-stainless steel instruments, not suitable for oils or powders
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intermediate level disinfectant
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kills TB/ inactivates all forms of microorganisms except spores, kills mycobacterium tuberculosis
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low level disinfectant
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kills neither TB nor spores/ inactivates vegetative bacteria and some lipophilic viruses but is not tuberculocidal or sporicidal
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name the criteria for ideal disinfectant
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*tuberculocidal and viricidal
*effective within 10 minutes or less *nontoxic and non-allergenic *provides residual effect on treated surfaces, odorless, reasonable cost, retains stability and effectiveness, good penetrating and cleaning ability, and not damaging to equipment and environmental surfaces |
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name some factors that influence the efectiveness of surface disinfectant
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the number and type of organisms present, amount of bioburden (residue left behind on instruments), selection of EPA disinfectant (must be tuberculocidal) appropriate concentration, precleaning of surface to remove bioburden
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name some equipment barriers for radiographic procedures
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plastic bag to cover PID, plastic cover for exposure control switch, cover headrest and chair controls
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during radiographic procedures, how do you handle surface cleaning and disinfection
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use "spray-wipe-spray" with PPE and nitrile gloves, but do not spray directly on control panel
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name some ways to protect dental records
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hygiene assistant, overgloves, tape record data, voice activated computer software
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during patient care, how do you minimize cross contamination
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use overgloves, disinfect anything touched with contaminated hands, avoid entering drawers, protect dental records
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describe the care and maintenance of DUWL
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check anti-retraction valves regularly, flush lines 2-5 minutes at the beginning of the day, flush 30 seconds between patients
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true or false? there are high concentrations of bacteria found in DUWL of handpieces, a/w syringes and ultrasonics
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true
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in the preparation of treatment areas, noncritical means
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they do not penetrate but are exposed (light handles). Use intermediate level disinfectant
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chemical or physical agents that destroy microorganisms but may not kill bacterial spores
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disinfection
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in the preparation of the treatment area, critical means
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those that penetrate oral soft tissue or bone (curet)
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during patient care, how do you reduce the aerosol and splatter
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preprocedural rinse or toothbrushing, use a/w syringe separately not combined, use high volume suction, and proper patient positioning
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in the preparation of the treatment area semicritical means,
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instruments that come in contact with mucous membranes (film holders). They must be sterilized by heat or high level disinfectant
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what does DUWL stand for
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dental unit water line; anti-retraction valves, filtration devices, and self contained water systems
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noscomial infection
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an infection occuring in a patient while in a healthcare facility that was not present at the time of admission
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how do you handle waste disposal during treatment
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discard saliva or blood soaked items in biohazard bag taped to cabinet
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