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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In the stomach, chronic atrophic gastritis of pernicious anemia can develop into?
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dysplasia and then gastric adenocarcinoma
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In the skin actinic (solar keratosis) can develop into?
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Skin cancer, usually squamous cell carcinoma
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In the oral cavity Oral leukoplakia can develop into?
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dysplasia and then squamous cell carcinoma
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Esophagus
precursor lesion? associated cancer? |
-Glandular metaplasia; Barrets esophagus
-adenocarcinoma |
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Stomach
precursor lesion? associated cancer? |
-H. pylori infection
-Adenocarcinoma |
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Colon
precursor lesion? associated cancer? |
-Chronic ulcerative colitis (dysplasia) or tubular/villous adenoma
-adenocarcinoma |
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Liver
precursor lesion? associated cancer? |
-Cirrhosis (regenerative nodules)
-Adenocarcinoma (hepatocellular CA) |
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Breast
precursor lesion? associated cancer? |
-Atypical ductal hyperplasia
-adenocarcinoma |
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Endometrium
precursor lesion? associated cancer? |
-Hyperplasia/atypical hyperplasia, (endometrial intra-epithelial neoplasia-EIA)
-adenocarcinoma |
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Skin
precursor lesion? associated cancer? |
-Dysplastic nevus
-melanoma |
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Vulva with vulvar leukoplakia
precursor lesion? associated cancer? |
-vulvar intra-epithelial neoplasia (VIN)
-Squamous cell carcinoma |
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Urinary bladder with papilloma
precursor lesion? associated cancer? |
-Dysplasia-CIS (carcinoma in situ)
-Transitional carcinoma or urothelial carcinoma |
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Prostate with BPH
precursor lesion? associated cancer? |
-Prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia (PIN)
-Prostatic adenocarcinoma |
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Ovary with serous cystadenoma
precursor lesion? associated cancer? |
-borderline
-serous cystadenocarcinoma |
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RB-Retinoblastoma
Inheritance? chromosome? gene type? predisposition? |
-Autosomal dominant
-chromosome 13 -tumor suppressor gene -osteosarcoma in adolescence |
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FAP= familial adenomatous polyposis
inheritance? gene and type? -development of? |
-Autosomal dominant
-Adenomatous polyposis coli inactivation- tumor suppressor gene -colorectal carcinoma development with malignant polyp transformation by 50yrs |
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Multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIa (MEN-IIa) and RET
cause? familial occurrence combo of? (3) |
-mutation of proto-oncogene RET
-medullary THYROID carcinoma, bilateral PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA HYPERPARATHYROIDISM due to tumor hyperplasia |
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Xeroderma pigmentosa
what gene? type of inheritance? predisposition to? |
-mutated enzymes of nucleotide excision repair system (NER)
-autosomal recessie -multiple skin cancers, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma |
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Ataxia Telangiectasia
gene and inheritance? neural symptoms? predisposition? |
-mutated ATM which responds to DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation (autosomal recessive)
-ataxic dyskinetic syndrome, telangiectasias in conjunctiva -lymphoma, leukemia, breast cancer |
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Bloom's syndrome
gene and inheritance? predisposition? |
-mutation in BLM gene (chr 15), member of helicase family, (AR)
-lymphoma, leukemia |
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Fanconi's anemia
gene and inheritance? predisposition? |
-mutation in FAC chrom, instable when exposed to radiation or alkylating agents (can cause BM aplasia)
-lymphoma, leukemia |
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Familial cancers:
-inactivation of BRCA-1/2? -p16INK4a tumor suppressor gene mutation? |
-breast and ovary CA
-Familial melanoma |
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Growth factor: PDGF-b chain
name? cancer funct? cancer? |
-SIS (PBGFB)
-over expression -astrocytoma, osteosarcoma |
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Growth factor: Fibroblast
name? cancer funct? cancer? |
-HSTI
-Over expression -stomach cancer |
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Growth factor: TGF-a
name? cancer funct? cancer? |
-TGFA
-over expression -astrocytoma, hepatocellular carcinoma |
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Growth factor: HGF
name? cancer funct? cancer? |
-HGF
-Over expression -Thyroid cancer |
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Growth factor Receptor: EGF family
name? cancer funct? cancer? <2 types!!> |
-ERBB1 (EGFR), over expression, squamous cell carcinoma of lung, glioma (tx: cetuximab)
-ERRB2 (HER-2/Neu), amplification, Breast cancer (tx: trastumuzab) |
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Growth Factor receptor: Neurotrophic factors
name? cancer funct? cancer? |
-RET
-point mutation -MEN 2a, 2b, familial medullary thyroid CA |
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Growth factor receptor: PDGF
name? cancer funct? cancer? |
-PDGFRB
-over expression -glioma, leukemia |
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Growth factor receptor: stem cell factor
name? cancer funct? cancer? |
-KIT
-Point mutation -Gastro-intestinal stromal tumor (Imatinib) |
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Signal transduction proteins: GTP binding
name? cancer funct? cancer? |
-KRAS
-Point mutation -Pancreas, colon, lung |
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Signal transduction proteins: Non-receptor tyrosine kinase
name? cancer funct? cancer? |
-ABL
-Translocation -Chronic myeloid leukemia (tx: imatinib/gleevec to inhibit tyrosine kinase) |
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Signal transduction proteins: WNT signal
name? cancer funct? cancer? |
-B-catenin
-point mutation or over expression -hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma |
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Nuclear regulating proteins: Transcriptional activator: C-MYC
cancer funct? cancer? |
-Translocation
-Burkitt lymphoma (translocation b/w C-myc protein on chr 8 and Ig heavy chain locus of chr 14) |
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Nuclear regulating protein: Transcriptional activator: N-MYC
cancer funct? cancer? |
-Amplification
-Neuroblastoma, small cell CA of lung (highly malignant in kids) |
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Cell Cycle regulators:
Cyclins D: (2) cancer funct? cancer? |
-Translocation= mantle cell lymphoma
-amplification= breast and esophageal cancer |
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Cell cycle regulators:
Cycling dependent: CDK4 cancer funct? cancer? |
-Amplification, point mutation
-glioblastoma, melanoma, sarcoma |