Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
size of esophageus
|
flattened muscular tube of 18 to 26 cm from the upper sphincter to the lower sphincter
|
|
found beginning at C___
|
C5-6 vertebral interspace at the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage), the esophagus descends anteriorly to the vertebral column through the superior and posterior mediastinum
After traversing the diaphragm at the diaphragmatic hiatus (T10 vertebral level) the esophagus extends through the gastroesophageal junction to end at the orifice of the cardia of the stomach (T11 vertebral level |
|
2 high pressure zones prevent the backflow of food
|
Upper and lower esophageal sphincter
upper sphincter is derived from 4, 5, 6, brachial arches |
|
between swallows the esophageus is
|
the esophagus is collapsed but the lumen can distend to approximately 2 cm in the anterior-posterior dimension and up to 3 cm laterally to accommodate a swallowed bolus
|
|
3 distinct regions of esophageus
|
cervical, thoracic, and abdominal
|
|
Innervation
|
The esophagus, like the rest of the viscera, receives dual sensory innervation, traditionally referred to as parasympathetic and sympathetic, but more properly based on the actual nerves, vagal, and spinal
|
|
Muscles
|
longitudinal outside circular inside
composed of striated and smooth muscle mixed of striated and smooth muscle in the middle |
|
circular layer provides
|
peristalic contraction that propels food toward the stomach. The circular fibers are continuous with the inferior constrictor muscle of the hypopharynx; they run transverse at the cranial and caudal regions of the esophagus, but oblique in the body of the esophagus.
|
|
UES
|
a musculocartilaginous structure composed of the posterior surface of the thyroid and cricoid cartilage, the hyoid bone, and three muscles: cricopharyngeus, thyropharyngeus, and cranial cervical esophagus. Each muscle plays a different role in UES function.33 These three muscles spread upward, posteriorly, where they insert into the esophageal submucosa after crossing the muscle bundles of the opposite side. The thyropharyngeus muscle is obliquely oriented, whereas the cricopharyngeus muscle is transversely oriented. Between these two muscles, there is a zone of sparse musculature—the Killian's triangle, from which Zenker's diverticulum might emerge.
|
|
wall of esophageus
|
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and adventitia.
|
|
Most common congenital abnormalities is
|
Tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia
|
|
congenital stenosis
|
is most commonly found in distal third
|
|
upper 1/3 of esophageus is made of
|
striated muscle
|
|
lower 2/3
|
smooth muscle
|
|
Duration of food going through esophageus is normally
|
8 to 20 secs
|