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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Every physical process of weather is accompanied by, or is the result of, a |
heat exchange- Every physical process of weather is accompanied by, or is the result of, a heat exchange |
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According to 14 CFR part 107, what is required to operate a small unmanned aircraft within 30 minutes after official sunset? |
Use of lighted anti-collision lights |
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How would high density altitude affect the performance of a small unmanned aircraft? |
Decreased performance |
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METARS are based off True or Magnetic? |
True |
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Under what condition does frost form? |
When the surface temperature is below the dew point in freezing temperature |
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Low-level temperature inversion with high relative humidity. What weather conditions would you expect? |
Smooth air, poor visibility, fog, haze, or low clouds. |
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Moist, unstable air |
Turbulence and showery precipitation |
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Standard temperature and pressure values for sea level? |
15 C 29.92 Hg |
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Clouds are divided into four families according to their |
height range. |
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The most comprehensive information on a given airport is provided by: |
The Chart Supplements U.S. |
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What effect does high density altitude have on the efficiency of a UA propeller? |
Propeller efficiency is decreased. |
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Which initial action should a pilot take prior to entering Class C airspace? |
Contact approach control on the appropriate frequency. |
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Which initial action should a pilot take prior to entering Class C airspace? |
Contact the tower and request permission to enter. |
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VR or TR gray lines are? |
Military Training Routes from 1,500 ft and below |
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Are heights on VFRs in AGL or MSL? |
MSL |
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Airspace at an airport with a part-time control tower is classified as Class D airspace only |
when the associated control tower is in operation. |
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"fly first, ask questions later" is an example of? |
Impulsivity |
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You hear an AC announce they are midfield, left downwind to RWY 13. Where would the aircraft be relative to the runway? |
Aircraft is east |
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What area shows the existence of unusual, often invisible, hazards to aircraft such as military firing, aerial gunnery, or guided missiles. |
Restricted Area |
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To avoid a possible collision with a manned airplane, you estimate that your small unmanned aircraft climbed to an altitude greater than 600 feet AGL. To whom must you report the deviation? |
The Federal Aviation Administration, upon request |
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You move and change you address. How long do you have to notify the FAA? |
30 Days |
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What is height and speed of IFR? |
Above 1,500 AGL and in excess of 250kts |
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What is a VFR flag? |
A check point for manned aircraft, and a higher volume of air traffic should be expected there. |
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Alert Area |
Alert areas are depicted on aeronautical charts with an “A” followed by a number (e.g., A-211) to inform nonparticipating pilots of areas that may contain a high volume of pilot training or an unusual type of aerial activity. |
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LAA |
Local Airport Advisory |
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MTR |
Military Training Routes IR and VR |
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FRZ |
Flight Restriction Zone |
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ADIZ |
Air Defense Identification Zones |
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CFA |
Controlled Flight Area |
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M5/M6 |
Temp minus 5, Dew Point minus 6 |
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1/8 Cloud Coverage |
Clear SKC, CLR, FEW |
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1/4 Cloud Coverage |
Few |
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3/8 to 1/2 Cloud Coverage |
Scattered |
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5/8 to 7/8 |
Broken BKN |
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8/8, Fully Covered |
Overcast OVC |
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PRESRR |
Pressure is Rising |
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What is updated 4 times a day? |
TAF |
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PROB50 |
Probability of Rain or Thunderstorms |
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Convective SIGMETs |
Are issued for severe thunderstorms -surface winds greater than 50 knots, -hail at the surface greater than or equal to 3⁄4 inch in diameter, -or tornadoes. |
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Correlating aerodynamic performance in the nonstandard atmosphere |
Density Altitude |
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As the density of the air increases (lower density altitude), aircraft performance ... |
Increases |
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Air density is affected by... |
Changes in altitude temperature humidity |
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Thin air is what type of altitude density? |
High density altitude |
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Dense air is what kind of density? |
Low density |
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High Density Altitude conditions |
High elevations, low atmospheric pressures, high temperatures, high humidity, or some combination of these factors |
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OCNL LTGICCG |
Occasional Lightning from cloud to ground |
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Relative Humidity |
Refers to the amount of water vapor contained in the atmosphere and is expressed as a percentage of the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold. |
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Warm air can hold more or less water vapor? |
Warm air can hold more water vapor |
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Humidity of 0% |
Perfectly dry air that contains no water vapor |
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Is humidity alone an essential factor in calculating ac performance? |
No- Humidity alone is usually not considered an essential factor in calculating density altitude and aircraft performance; however, it does contribute. |
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Factors that affect performance? |
Takeoff and landing distance, rate of climb, ceiling, payload, range, speed, maneuverability, stability, and fuel economy. |
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If weight is added, what most AOA do? |
Must increase to handle load increaase |
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What is standard sea level? |
1013.2 mb |
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What is wind shear? |
Wind shear is a sudden, drastic change in wind speed and/or direction over a very small area |
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What types of weather are low level wind shear associated with? |
Passing frontal systems Thunderstorms Temperature inversions Strong upper level winds |
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Most severe type of wind shear? |
Microburst |
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At what altitude can a wind shear effect a flight? |
At any altitude |
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Detail a microburst |
Diameter of 1-2 miles Depth of 1,000 ft Lifespan of 5-15 minutes big up and down drafts |
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Temperature inversion |
When the temperature of the air rises with altitude |
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What are inversion layers? |
Shallow layers of smooth, stable air close to the ground. |
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When do surface based temperature inversion occur |
On clear, cool nights when air is close to ground |
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For pilots- Most dangerous cloud typ? |
Cumulonimbus |
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Showery precipitation is... |
Unstable Air |
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What is a front? |
Zone between 2 different air masses |
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Thunderstorm life cycle |
Cumulus Mature Dissipating |
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Can you detect changes in thunderstorm cycle? |
no- virtually impossible |
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Plow Wind |
Surface wind surge during mature stage |
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Most dangerous phase of Thunderstorm? |
Mature |
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Vertical shear |
Strong updrafts and downdrafts to close to each other |
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What is a ceiling? |
Ceiling is the lowest layer of clouds reported as being broken or overcast |
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Is the CG a fixed point on an aircraft? |
No, its location depends on the distribution of aircraft weight |
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CP |
Center of Pressure, when balanced, lift occurs here |
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Aircraft's weight is concentrated where? |
Center of Gravity |
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What does a load factor of 5 mean? |
The total load on an aircraft’s structure is 5 times its weight. |
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What does an increased load factor do? |
Increases the stalling speed and makes stalls possible at seemingly safe speeds |
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ROT |
Rate of Turn |
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What happens in a super high AOA |
-Smooth flow over the wing breaks up and -separates -sudden change in flight dynamics -Loss of lift and then stall |
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3 ways for pilots to communicate their intention and obtain airport/traffic information when operating at an airport that does not have an operating tower... |
By communicating with an FSS, a UNICOM operator, or by making a self-announce broadcast. |
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The CTAF can be... |
UNICOM MULTICOM FSS or tower frequency |
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What is the MULTICOM for non towered airport? |
122.9 |
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Do you need to communicate with manned aircraft when in vicinity of non-towered airport? |
Remote pilot-in-command is not required to communicate with manned aircraft |
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Broadcast in the Blind? |
Manned aircraft is 10 miles from airport |
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When should a remote pilot communicate with other aircraft? |
Only in an emergency |
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Density of air varies.... |
inversely with temperature |
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As altitude increases, density... |
decreases |
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No crew member can serve if |
• Has consumed any alcoholic beverage within the preceding 8 hours • Is under the influence of alcohol • Has a blood alcohol concentration of .04 percent or greater • Is using a drug that affects the person’s mental or physical capabilities. |
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Symptoms of hyperventilation |
Visual impairment Unconsciousness Lightheaded or dizzy sensation Tingling sensations Hot/cold sensations Muscle spasms |
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Types of stress |
Acute Chronic |
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IMSAFE, |
Illness Medication Stress Alcohol Fatigue Emotion |
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What is BAC for Remote PIC? |
Requires that blood alcohol level be less than .04 percent and that 8 hours pass between drinking alcohol and piloting an aircraft |
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How to visually scan? |
When moving from one viewing point to the next, pilots should overlap the previous field of view by 10°. |
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ADM Process |
IRA MUM Identify Hazards Assess Risks Analyze Controls Make Control Deciions Use Controls Monitor Results |
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SRM |
Single Pilot Resource Management |
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Dont Tell Me |
Anti-authority Follow the rules |
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Do it fast |
Impulsivity Not so fast. Think First |
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It won't happen to me |
Invulnerability It could happen to me |
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I can do it |
Macho Taking chances is foolish |
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What's the use? |
Resignation Im not helpless- I can make a difference |
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What is PAVE |
Mitigating Risks P-PIC A-Aircraft V-Environment E- External Pressures |
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What percent of accidents are human error? |
70% |
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3P |
Perceive Process Perform |
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What is the preferred method for entering from the downwind side of the pattern? i |
To approach the pattern on a course 45 degrees to the downwind leg and join the pattern at midfield. |
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Sources of Airport Data |
Aeronautical Charts Chart Supplement US NOTAMs ATIS |
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ATIS Bravo is the |
2nd update, |
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TN |
True North |
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MN |
Magnetic North |
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Argonic line zero |
No deviation between TN and MN |
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W&B |
Weight and Balance |
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WST |
Convective Significant Meteorological Information |
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TUC |
Time of Useful Conciousness |
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TCU |
Towering Cumulus |
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SAO |
Special Area of Operation |
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POH |
Pilot's Operating Handbook |
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MFD |
Multi-functional Displays |
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MDA |
Minimum Descent Altitude |
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IAP |
Instrument Approach Procedures |
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FSDO |
Flight Standards District Office |
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ICAO |
International Civil Aviation Organization |
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MDA |
Minimum Descent Altitude |
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DPE |
Designated Pilot Examiner |
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FL |
Flight Level |
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CFR |
Code of Federal Regularions |
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CTP |
Certification Training Program |
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AIRMET |
Airman's Meteorological Information |
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Which technique should a remote pilot use to scan for traffic? A remote pilot should |
systematically focus on different segments of the sky for short intervals. |
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A stall occurs when the smooth airflow over the unmanned airplane`s wing is disrupted, and the lift degenerates rapidly. This is caused when the wing: |
Exceeds its critical angle of attack |
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Clouds are divided into four families according to their |
height range. |
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What action should a pilot take when operating under VFR in a Military Operations Area (MOA)? |
Exercise extreme caution when military activity is being conducted. |
