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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does ADME stand for? |
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion |
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What are xenobiotics? |
Any chemical which is not normally produced or present within an organism |
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What are the two phases of metabolism for breakdown? |
1 - introduce a functional group 2 - use the functional group to conjugate to a polar molecule |
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Give examples of phase 1 metabolism reactions |
Hydroxylation Oxidation Reduction Hydrolysis De-alkylation Oxidative deamination |
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Give 4 examples of conjugate molecules that can be added to metabolites in phase 2 |
Glucuronate, sulfate, glycine, glutathione |
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Which is the most common reaction type in phase 1? |
Oxidation |
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Give 3 examples of enzymes that carry out phase 1 metabolism? |
Monooxygenases Mixed function oxidases Hydroxylases |
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Give 2 examples of monooxygenases? |
Monoamine oxidase Alcohol dehydrogenase |
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Give 1 example of a mixed function oxidase? |
Cytochrome P450 |
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Give 1 example of a hydroxylase |
Acetylcholinesterase |
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What is oxidation in terms of O and H? |
Addition of O/removal of H |
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Put aldehyde, hydrocarbon, acid and alcohol in order according to increasing oxidation state |
Hydrocarbon, alcohol, aldehyde, acid |
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Progressively oxidising ethane yields which molecules? |
Ethanol => acetaldehyde => acetic acid |
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Progressively oxidising methane gives which molecules? |
Methanol => formaldehyde => formic acid |
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What is the other name for serotonin? |
5-hydroxytryptamine |
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What is an MOI? Give an example |
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor - iproniazid |
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What is CYP450? |
A superfamily of enzymes with multiple metabolic functions |
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What does CYP450 generally do? |
Replaces a CH with a CO |
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Give 3 examples of phase 2 enzymes and the conjugates they add to molecules |
- Uridine diphopshoglucuronosyl transferase, adds glucuronic acid - Sulphotransferase, adds sulphate - glutathione S transferase, adds transferase |
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Describe the relative phase-2 enzyme activity in breaking down paracetamol |
60% UDP-GT 30% ST 10% CYP2E1 |
