Ppt 9 - Dental Radiography

Front 1

Why take dental radiographs?

List 8 reasons:

Back 1

1. To see pathology hiding below gingiva or inside tooth

2. Evaluate area where teeth appear to be missing

3. Documentation of supporting treatment decisions

4. Legal document / client communication

5. Post-op confirmation of proper extraction

6. Endodontics - procedures, involving the soft inner tissue of the teeth, called the pulp.

7. Follow progression of plural pathology / periodontal disease

8. Pre-purchase exams on show dogs (to see if proper # of teeth are there)

Front 2

What is the most common ailment in small animals?

Back 2

Periodontal disease

Front 3

Patients presented for routine cleaning are often found to have ___________ _________.

Back 3

Mobile teeth

Front 4

What aids the decision to extract, perform flap surgery, or provide only medical therapy? (3)

Back 4

1. radiographs

2. probing depths

3. visual exam

Front 5

True or False:

Radiographs allow us to measure the degree of bone loss

Back 5

TRUE

Front 6

True or False:

Radiographs cannot document lesions

Back 6

FALSE - they can show lesions

Front 7

True or False:

The X-ray shows lesions both above and below the gum line

Back 7

TRUE

Front 8

Legal use of radiographs is extremely important in supporting

Back 8

treatment decisions

Front 9

Serial radiographs to follow progression of periodontal or endodontal disease are taken how frequently?

Back 9

At 3 to 6 month intervals

Front 10

When do you take radiographs?

List 8 scenarios:

Back 10

1. When you see any visible abnormality

2. Tooth is mobile

3. Tooth is fractured

4. Tooth is discolored

5. Furcation exposure is present (periodontal disease) (**furcation = space between roots)

6. When teeth are missing (without explanation)

7. When a feline ondoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL) is noted (similar to a cavity)

8. Prior to extraction

Front 11

The gumline *should* follow ___________________.

Back 11

Along the crown of the tooth

Front 12

Receding gums can affect the tooth's _____________.

Back 12

Mobility

Front 13

Furcation -

Back 13

visible space between roots (can see it due to gingival recession)

Front 14

When are FULL - MOUTH radiographs needed?

(6)

Back 14

1. Basically every time they come in for a dental procedure

2. When periodontal disease is present anywhere in the mouth

3. When FORLs are diagnosed

4. If there are fractured teeth of unknown origin

5. When evaluating # of secondary teeth in a puppy or kitten as part of a soundness exam prior to purchase

6. To evaluate oral and facial swellings

Front 15

Advantages of using a dental radiograph machine:

Back 15

1. economical

2. extension arms allow vertical, horizontal, and rotational movement (cuts down on patient positioning)

3. Long arm can reach two closely located operators areas

4. Do it at dental surgery table (not have to move to X-ray room)

5. Shorter film focal length = less scatter

Front 16

Anatomy of Dental X-Ray Unit:

What is a PID?

Back 16

Position Indicating Device

Front 17

Anatomy of Dental X-Ray Unit:

What does the PID do?

Back 17

It's and extension placed on the tube head at the collimator attachment

Front 18

To minimize the amount of radiation exposure the PID is _______ - ___________.

Back 18

Lead-lined

Front 19

The shape of the PID may be either ______________ or ____________.

Back 19

Circular

Rectangular

Front 20

Which shape PID limits the beam size to that of a #2 periodical film?

Back 20

rectangular

Front 21

PIDs come in 3 lengths:

Back 21

8" (short cone)

12" (long cone)

16" (long cone)

Front 22

Which give better detail: long cone or short cone?

Back 22

Long cone gives better detail

Front 23

What is the advantage of using a short cone?

Back 23

Less exposure

Front 24

Control Panel contains what 3 things:

Back 24

1. timer

2. kVp regulator

3. mAs regulator

Front 25

On most dental units, the kVP typically ranges from:

Back 25

50 - 100

Front 26

On most dental units, the mAs is usually set at _________ or ________ mA

Back 26

seven (7mA)

fifteen (15mA)

Front 27

With dental units the FFC (Focal Film Distance) depends on ___________ __________.

Back 27

Cone length

Front 28

Radiation Safety:

All personnel in the are of dental unit while in use should be at least ______ feet from the tube head at an angle of _______ to ______ degrees to the beam.

Back 28

6 feet

90 - 135

Front 29

Or, wear __________

Back 29

lead-lined protective gear: apron, gloves, thyroid shield

Front 30

If taking X-rays wear your...

Back 30

dosimeter badge

Front 31

Never hand-hold the film or sensor when taking digital radiographs

Back 31

duh

Front 32

NYSDH says to check unit every ____ years

Back 32

two

Front 33

Film:

There are three sizes of dental film:

Back 33

1. child periapical size 0 (ZERO)

2. Adult periapical size 2

3. Occlusal size 4

Front 34

Child periapial size 0 film is used mostly in what animals?

Back 34

cats, exotics, small dogs

7/8 x 1 5/8 inches

Front 35

Adult periapical size 2 film is also called __________ __________

Back 35

standard size

1 1/4 x 1 9/16 inches

Front 36

Occlusal size 4 film is used to radiograph ___________ teeth and for _____________ studies.

Back 36

larger

survey

2 1/4 x 3 inches

Front 37

Which film size is the most commonly used?

Back 37

Adult size 2

Front 38

What are the 4 parts of the dental x-ray film packet?

Back 38

1. outside layer = paper or plastic coating (white front with raised dot in one corner to orient film) *White side is placed TOWARD the TEETH

2. Lead foil sheet to absorb scatter

3. Black paper around film to protect it

4. film (in the center)

Front 39

Film Processing:

Can happen in two possible places:

Back 39

1. darkroom

2. chair side

Front 40

Whole process of chair-side developing takes how long?

Back 40

1 minute

Front 41

Digital imaging using a ________ _______ instead of film.

Back 41

sensor pad

Front 42

Digital imaging reduced radiation by what percentage range?

Back 42

75% - 90%

Front 43

Dental X-ray accessories:

Back 43

1. film holders to keep film in position in mouth: swabs, paper towels, foam-covered hair rollers

2. Bite blocks to keep mouth open - foam rolls, wedges, syringe barrels

3. Viewer - small light box with 2X magnifier on sliding carrier or plexiglass X-ray magnifier to magnify image on viewer

4. Felt pen or X-ray marker to ID film

5. Envelopes or film mounts