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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Eligibility for Private Pilot |
Age 17 Read/Write/Speak English Hold a third class medical Receive Required GND Training and Endorsements Meet applicable aeronautical experience requirements Pass the FAA Written Exam |
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Private Pilot Privileges |
May act as PIC of an aircraft May not pay less than pro data share of operating expenses with passengers. (Fuel, Oil, Airport Fees and Rental Fees) May act as PIC of a charitable, nonprofit, or community event flight May be reimbursed for A/C operating expenses that are directly related to search and rescue operations May demonstrate the aircraft in flight to a prospective buyer (must have 200 hours of logged flight time) May act as PIC of an A/C towing a glider May act as PIC for the purpose of conducting a production flight test in a light-Sport aircraft intended for certification in the light-sport category |
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Can friends who regularly fly with you contribute to paying for an aircraft inspection. |
No, regulations allow for sharing of operating inspections but not the sharing of fixed or long term operational costs of the airplane |
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Documents required to act as required crew member |
Pilot certificate Photo ID Medical Certificate |
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What type of aircraft (ASEL) require specific training and logbook endorsements from an appropriately rated flight instructor? |
High performance airplane Complex Airplane High Altitude Airplane Tailwheel Airplane |
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P |
Must hold a third class Valid until the last day of the 60th month of the date of examination on the certification if under 40 Y/O Valid until the last day of the 24th month of the date of examination on the certification if over 40 Y/O |
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Where can you find a list of medical conditions that may disqualify you from obtaining a medical |
14 CFR Part 67 - Standards for medical certification 14 CFR Part 61 - Requirements for obtaining medical certificates |
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PAVE Checklist |
Pilot Aircraft EnVironment External Pressures |
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You obtain your third class medical on March 16th 2016, when does it expire? |
March 31, 2021 |
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Can you fly with a medical condition that initially disqualifies you for a medical certificate |
Yes. Must receive a SODA (Statement of Dedicated Ability) The condition must be static and non progressive (Can’t be cancer, vision loss, etc.) Received from a Federal Air Surgeon |
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Are there any activities a pilot can accomplish that can be substituted for a flight review? |
Any check ride can substitute for a biennial flight review |
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Your drivers license was recently suspended for DUU, but you haven’t been convicted of the crime, must you report this to the FAA |
(14 CFR 61.15) You must submit a written report to the FAA Civil Aviation Security Division within 60 days of the motor vehicle action. |
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What is a complex airplane |
Airplane having retractable landing gear, flaps, and/or a controllable pitch propeller |
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Define Category |
A broad classification of aircraft (Airplane, Rotorcraft, Glider) |
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Define Class |
A classification of aircraft within a similar category having similar operating characteristics (Single Engine Land, Multi Engine Land) |
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Define Type |
A specific make and basic model of aircraft including modifications that do not change its flight characteristics (B737, DC-10) |
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Requirements to remain current as a private pilot |
Flight review within proceeding 24 calendar months with an authorized instructor 3 takeoffs and landings to a full stop to carry passengers SAA for night - 1 hr after sunset to 1 hr before sunrise |
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Currency Versus Proficiency |
Current means you have accomplished the minimum FAA regulatory requirements within a specific time period to exercise the privileges of your certificate Proficiency means a Pilot is capable of conducting a flight with a high degree of confidence. It means you can be smart and safe in terms of pilot experience |
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How will establishing a personal minimums checklist reduce risk |
Pre established numbers assist in go/no go decisions and help you gauge if you can deal with the flight conditions you are faced with |
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If a pilot changes his permanent mailing address and fails to notify the FAA Airman Certification Branch of the new address, how long may the pilot continue to exercise the privileges of his certificate |
30 days after the date of the move |
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What flight time can a pilot log as second in command time |
A person may only log SIC time in which the pilot holds an appropriate category, class, and instrument rating (if required) for the aircraft being flown, and more than one pilot is required under the type certification of the aircraft or the regulations for which the flight is being conducted |
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PAVE Checklist |
Pilot Airplane EnVironment External Pressures |
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SODA |
Statement of Demonstrated Ability Issued by Federal Air Surgeon to people with medical conditions that would generally disqualify them from a medical. Condition must be static and non progressive (Cannot be cancer or vision loss etc) |
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Required documents on board the aircraft prior to flight |
Supplements/Limitations (G1000) Placards Airworthiness Certificate (Must be visible) Registration Certificate (Must be visible) Radio Station License (If international) Operating Handbook (Must be the designated POH for that A/C serial number and tail #) Weight And Balance Data
Also: Compass Deviation Card External Data Plate & Serial Number |
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What are the required tests and inspections to be performed on an aircraft? |
Annual Inspection within the preceding 12 calendar months Airworthiness Directives and life-limited parts complied with VOR Check within 30 days for IFR Ops 100 Hour Inspection (+50 hr) if used for hire or flight instruction Altimeter check (IFR) every 24 CM Transponder check every 24 CM ELT Check every 12 CM (Flying more than 25 NM from base airport ) Static Pressure Systems Check every 24 CM (IFR Ops) |
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What is an annual inspection and which aircraft are required to have them? |
An annual is a complete inspection of an aircraft and engine; required for all certificated aircraft within 12 calendar months. Must be performed for by an A&P Mechanic holding an Inspection Authorization (IA) |
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Can you overfly a 100 hour inspection |
Yes, but only to relocate the A/C to a place where the inspection may be done. |
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If an annual inspection date has passed, can the air be operated to a location where the aircraft can be performed? |
An aircraft overdue for annual inspection may be operated under a Special Flight Permit issued by the FAA for the purpose of relocating an aircraft to a location where the annual inspection can be performed. |
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What are special flight permits and when are they necessary |
A Special Flight Permit is issued for an aircraft that may not currently meet applicable Airworthiness requirements but is capable for safe flight. Issued for the following purposes: Flying the aircraft to a base where maintenance and inspections may be performed Delivering or exporting an aircraft Production flight testing for new production aircraft Evacuating aircraft from areas of impending danger Conducting customer demonstration test flights in new production aircraft |
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How is a Special flight permit obtained |
Assistance and necessary forms obtained from the local FSDO or Designated Air Worthiness Representative |
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Who is responsible for determining if the aircraft is in airworthy condition before flight |
PIC |
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Can a pilot legally conduct flight operations with known InOp equipment onboard? |
Yes, under specific conditions 14 CFR Part 91 describes acceptable methods for the operation of an aircraft with certain inop instruments and equipment that are not essential for safe flight. They are: Operation of aircraft with a MEL (14 CFR 91.213) or Operation of an aircraft without a MEL under 14 CFR 91.213 |
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What limitations apply to aircraft operations conducted using the deferral provision of 14 CFR 91.213 |
When inop equipment is found during preflight or prior to departure, cancel the flight, obtain maintenance prior to flight or defer the item or equipment. |
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Determining if an aircraft is airworthy with an inoperative equipment/instrument (Without an MEL) |
1) Are the inop instruments or equipment part of the VFR Day type certification 2) Are the inop instruments or equipment listed as required on the aircraft’s KOEL for the type of flight being conducted? 3) Are the inop instruments or equipment required by 14 CFR Part 91.205/91.207 (A Tomato Flames, Flaps) 4) Are the inop instruments or equipment required to be operational by an AD. |
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What is an airworthiness Certificate? |
An airworthiness certificate is issued by the FAA to an aircraft that has been proven to meet the minimum design and manufacturing requirements and is in condition for safe operation. |
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What to check in order to determine if an aircraft is airworthy and legal for flight: |
Comprehensive Equipment List Airworthiness Directives FAR (A tomato flames/flaps) KOEL Type certificate data sheet PIC Discretion |
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If an annual inspection date has passed, can the aircraft be operated to a location where the maintenance can be performed? |
An aircraft overdue for annual inspection may be operated under a Special Flight Permit issued by the FAA for the purpose of relocating an aircraft to a location where the annual inspection can be performed. |
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Do Airworthiness Certificates expire |
No. A standard airworthiness Certificate is valid for as long as the aircraft meets approved type design, is in condition for safe operation, and the maintenance, preventative maintenances, and alterations are performed in accordance with 14 CFR Parts 21, 43, and 91 |
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Two conditions for an aircraft to be airworthy: |
The aircraft must conform to its type design The aircraft must be in condition for safe operation. |
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What documents are checked to confirm that an owner or operator has ensured their aircraft is airworthy. |
The maintenance records for the aircraft (Prop, engine and airframe) must be checked for appropriate entries indicating the aircraft has been approved for return to service. |
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Who is responsible for ensuring an aircraft is maintained in an airworthy condition |
Owner or operator |
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What are Airworthiness Directives |
AD’s are the medium through which the FAA notifies aircraft owners and other potentially interested persons of unsafe conditions in aircraft design. AD’s are regulatory in nature, and compliance is mandatory. |
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What are the two types of AD’s |
Those of emergency nature requiring immediate compliance prior to further flight. Those of a less urgent nature requiring compliance within a specified period of time. |
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Does an aircrafts registration certificate expire? |
Yes, a registration certificate expires three years after the last day of the month in which it was issued. Temporary registration is valid for no more than 90 days after the date the applicant signs the application. |
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Required equipment for DAY VFR |
Altimeter Tachometer Oil pressure gauge Manifold pressure gauge Airspeed Indicator Temperature gauge Oil temperature gauge Fuel Gauge Landing gear position indicator Anti Collision lights Magnetic Compass ELT Seat Belts |
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Instruments and equipment for night VFR |
Fuses - 3 of each or complete set Landing light - If for hire Anti-collision Lights Position Lights (Nav Lights) Source of power - Adequate for all installed electrical equipment. |
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Who can perform maintenance on an aircraft?ge |
FAA Certified A&P Mechanic, An A&P Mechanic with Inspector Authorization, an appropriately rated FAA Certificated repair station, or the aircraft manufacturer |
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What logbook entry is required by person performing preventative maintenance? |
All pilots who maintain or perform preventative maintenance must make an entry in the maintenance records of the aircraft. Entry must include a description of the work, the date of completion of the work, and an entry of the pilot’s annex signature, certificate number, and type of certificate held. |
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General characteristics in regard to the flow of air around high and low pressure systems in the Northern Hemisphere |
Low - Inward, Upward, Counterclockwise High - Outward, Downward, Clockwise |
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When flying through a low pressure system, what type of weather can you inspect |
Low pressure systems are characterized by rising air, which is conducive for cloudiness, precipitation, and bad weather
Note: a high pressure system is an area of descending air which tends to favor dissipation of cloudiness and good weather |
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Describe the different types of fronts |
Cold front - Occurs when a mass of cold, dense and stable air advances and replaces a body of warmer air Occluded front - A frontal occlusion occurs when a fast moving cold front catches up with a slow moving warm front. Two types: Cold front occlusion and warm front occlusion Warm front - The boundary area formed when a warm air mass contacts and flows over a colder air mass Stationery front - When the forces of the two air masses are relatively equal, the boundary or front that separates them remains stationary and influences the local weather for days. The weather is a mixture of warm and cold fronts. |
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What are the differences between cold and warm fronts? |
Cold front - As the front passes, expect towering cumulus or cumulonimbus, heavy rain and lightning, thunder, and/or hail; during passage, poor vis, wind shear, gustiness, Temperature and dew point decrease Warm front - As the front passes, expect stratiform clouds, drizzle, low ceilings and poor visibility; poor winds and a general rise in temperature |
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What is a trough |
An elongated area of relatively low pressure Associated with low pressure and bad weather due to rising action of air |
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What is a ridge |
An elongated area of generally high pressure Good weather as a result of the dissipation of cloudiness |
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Standard temperature and pressure |
15°C and 29.92”Hg |
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What are isobars? |
A line of constant barometric pressure on a weather chart |
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What information can you gather from the spacing of isobars |
The spacing of isobars defines how steep or shallow the pressure gradient is, which ultimately dictates the strength of the wind speed |
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What causes winds aloft to flow parallel to isobars |
Coriolis force |
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Is frost hazardous to flgjt |
Yes, Frost spoils the smooth air flow over the wing, causing the air to slow down |
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What factors must be present for a T-Storm to occur |
Sufficient water vapor An unstable lapse rate A lifting force |
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Three stages of a thunderstorm |
Cumulus (Developing) stage - Updrafts cause raindrops to grow in size Mature stage - Precipitation begins Dissipating stager - Downdrafts dominate storm and rain begins to dissipate |
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Two basic ways Fog May form |
Cooling air to dew point Adding moisture to air near the ground |
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What causes radiation fog to form |
The ground cools the adjacent air to the dew point on calm, cool nights |
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What causes advection fog? |
Warm humid air moves over a cold surface Primarily found in coastal areas during the winter |
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What is upslope fog? |
Moist, stable air is cooled adiabatically as it is forced up sloping terrain |
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Define wind shear and state where it’s likely to occur |
Wind shear is the rate of change in wind velocity (speed or direction) per unit distance
Occurs at any altitude but most commonly: Low level temperature inversions In a frontal zone/thunderstorm In Clear Air Turbulence |
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Why go sfc winds flow across isobars at an angle |
Surface friction |
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What rate does atmospheric pressure decrease with an increase in altitude |
1”Hg per 1000’ |
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Define Dew Point |
Dew Point is the temperature to which a sample of air must be cooled to attain the state of saturation |
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What weather can be expected when the temperature and dew point are close together |
Visible moisture in the form of clouds, dew or fog. |
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During preflight planning, what type of meteorological information should you be aware of with respect to icing |
Location of fronts - Location, Speed, Type, and direction of movement Cloud Layers Freezing Levels Air Temperature and Pressure - Icing typically in low pressure areas at temperatures at or around freezing |
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Define freezing level |
The freezing level is the lowest altitude in the atmosphere over a given location at which the air temperature reaches 0° |
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What conditions are necessary for structural icing to occur |
Visible moisture and temperatures below freezing at the point moisture strikes the aircraft |
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Three main types of icing an aircraft may encounter |
Structural Induction system Instrument |
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Three Types of Structural Icing |
Clear ice - forms after initial impact when remaining liquid portion of drop flows out over the aircraft surface Rime ice - forms when drops are small, such as those in stratified clouds or light drizzle. Mixed Ice - forms when drops vary in size or when liquid drops are intermingled with snow or ice particles |
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What is the primary source of weather briefing |
1-800-WX-Breif Telephone information Breifing Service (TIBS) (FSS) Foreflight DUATS and Lockheed Martin Flight Services via the internet Alaska - Transcribed Weather Broadcast (TWEB) |
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Types of weather breifigs |
Standard Briefing Abbreviated Briefing Outlook Briefing Inflight briefing |
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What information should be included in a weather briefing? |
Adverse Conditions VFR Flight Not Recommended Synopsis Current conditions Enroute forecast Destination forecast Winds Aloft NOTAMS ATC Delays Can request additional information on SUA and Alert Areas, Printed NOTAMS, Air Traffic rules, Runway friction, |
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How to obtain updated weather information while enroute |
FSS on 122.2 and appropriate Radio Communication Outlet (RCO) frequencies ATIS broadcasts along route of flight HIWAS (Hazardous inflight weather advisory services) Datalink Weather - Cockpit display of FIS-B info ATC (workload permitting) |
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What is a Graphical Forecast for Aviation (GFA) |
The GFA provides the necessary aviation weather information as a complete picture of the weather that may impact flight in the continental United States.
Includes observational forecasts, data, and warnings pertaining from 14 hours in the past to 15 hours in the future. |
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Four types of inflight Aviation weather advisories |
SIGMET (WS) Convective SIGMET (WST) AIRMET (WA) Center weather advisory (CWA) |
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What is a Convective SIGMET?ai |
Convective SIGMETS implies severe or greater turb, severe icing, and LLWS. Issued for Eastern (E) Central (C) and Western (W) United States. Issued hourly at H+55 and valid for up to 2 hours.
Severe thunderstorm due to: SFC winds > 50 kts, hail > 3/4 inches, tornadoes Embedded thunderstorm A line of thunderstorm Thunderstorms producing heavy precipitation that affects 40% or more of an area at least 3000 sq miles |
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What is a SIGMET (WS) |
A SIGMET advises of WX that’s potentially hazardous to all A/C Include the following phenomenons: Severe icing not associated with T-Storms Severe or extreme turbulence or CAT not associated with T-Storm Widespread dust storms or sandstorms lowering sfc vis bel 3 mi Volcanic Ash |
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What is an AIRMET? |
AIRMET are advisories of significant weather phenomena that describe conditions at intensities lower than those which require the issuance of SIGMETS. Intended for use by ALL pilots in the preflight and enroute phase to enhance safety. |
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What are the different types of AIRMETS |
Sierra - IFR Condition, MTN Obscurations Tango - Mod turb, sustained SFC winds of 30 kts or >, and nonconvective LLWS Zulu - Mod Icing and freezing level heights |
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What is Hypoxia? |
Hypoxia is a state of oxygen deficiency in the body |
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Symptoms of hypoxia |
Symptoms of hypoxia include: Dizziness Drowsiness Euphoria Headache Blue fingernails/lips Poor judgement Memory loss Low alertness Poor coordination |
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What factors make a pilot more susceptible to hypoxia |
Factors affecting susceptibility to hypoxia: Carbon monoxide inhalation Blood loss Medication Alcohol Drugs Illness Extreme heat/cold |
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How can Hypoxia be avoided? |
Hypoxia can be avoided by using supplemental oxygen above 10000 feet, and avoiding factors that make pilots more susceptible to hypoxia. |
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What is hyperventilation? |
Hyperventilation is the abnormal increase in the consumption of oxygen, which results in a decrease in the amount of carbon monoxide in the blood. |
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How can hyperventilation be reversed? |
Hyperventilation can be reversed by slowing the rate of breath by breathing into a bag, and/or talking out loud. |
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What is carbon monoxide poisoning? |
Carbon Monoxide poisoning is a result of the inhalation of CO, which attaches to hemoglobin in the blood and disables the body’s ability to carry oxygen. Results in the affects of hypoxia. |
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What actions should be taken when carbon monoxide poisoning is expected? |
When Carbon Monoxide poisoning is expected, the pilot should immediately shut off the heater and open all air vents. After landing, if symptoms are severe, treatment should be sought. |
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What is Hypoxia? |
Hypoxia is a state of oxygen deficiency in the body |
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Effects of scuba diving upon a pilot or passenger in flight |
A pilot/passenger must allow adequate time for the body to rid itself of excess nitrogen prior to flight. If not decompression sickness may occur Recommended wait times after scuba diving to fly: Flight altitudes up to 8000’ - Wait at least 12 hours after diving which has not required a controlled ascent - wait at least 24 hours after diving which has required a controlled ascent Flight altitudes above 8000 feet - wait at least 24 hours after any scuba dive |
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Medication before flight |
Safest option is to not fly Consult your AME before flying with OTC medications |
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Symptoms of hypoxia |
Symptoms of hypoxia include: Dizziness Drowsiness Euphoria Headache Blue fingernails/lips Poor judgement Memory loss Low alertness Poor coordination |
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What factors make a pilot more susceptible to hypoxia |
Factors affecting susceptibility to hypoxia: Carbon monoxide inhalation Blood loss Medication Alcohol Drugs Illness Extreme heat/cold |
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How can Hypoxia be avoided? |
Hypoxia can be avoided by using supplemental oxygen above 10000 feet, and avoiding factors that make pilots more susceptible to hypoxia. |
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What is hyperventilation? |
Hyperventilation is the abnormal increase in the consumption of oxygen, which results in a decrease in the amount of carbon monoxide in the blood. |
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How can hyperventilation be reversed? |
Hyperventilation can be reversed by slowing the rate of breath by breathing into a bag, and/or talking out loud. |
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What is carbon monoxide poisoning? |
Carbon Monoxide poisoning is a result of the inhalation of CO, which attaches to hemoglobin in the blood and disables the body’s ability to carry oxygen. Results in the affects of hypoxia. |
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What actions should be taken when carbon monoxide poisoning is expected? |
When Carbon Monoxide poisoning is expected, the pilot should immediately shut off the heater and open all air vents. After landing, if symptoms are severe, treatment should be sought. |
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What is the cause of motion sickness? What are it’s symptoms? |
Motion Sickness is caused by continuous stimulation of the inner ear which controls the sense of balance.
Results in: Loss of appetite Saliva Perspiration Nausea Vomiting Disorientation Headache |
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What actions should be taken if suffering from Motion sickness |
If you’re experiencing motion sickness, open air vents, loosen clothing, and use supplemental oxygen. Be sure to look at points outside of the aircraft and avoid unnecessary head movements. |
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What are the two types of light sensitive cells in the retina of the eye? |
Rods and cones |
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What are the function of the cones? Where are they located? |
Cones are used to detect color, detail, and far away objects. They are located in the center of the retina at the back of the eye. Most useful in daylight hours. |
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Where are the rods located and what are their functions? |
Rods are located in the back of the eye. They detect objects in motion in the peripheral vision (5-10° off center) but do not give detail or color. Night vision relies almost entirely on rods. |
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How long do the rods and cones take to become adapted to darkness |
Cones: 5-10 mins Rods: 30 mins |
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What should I pilot do to accommodate changing light conditions |
Allow enough time for the eyes to become adapted to low light levels, and avoid exposure to bright light |
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During takeoff you suddenly feel as if the aircraft is in an excessively high nose-up attitude. What type of illusion is this? |
Somatogravic illusion. |
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What can the pilot do to improve the effectiveness of vision at night |
Adapt the eyes to darkness prior to flight and keep them adapted Use oxygen during flight. Night vision deteriorates above 5000 feet Close one eye when exposed to bright light to avoid blinding affect Do not wear sunglasses after sunset Make the eyes more slowly than in daylight Bunk eyes if they become blurred Concentrate on seeing objects Force the eyes to view off center Maintain good physical condition Avoid drinking, smoking, and using drugs |
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When an aircraft is operated in, or in close proximity to, a night operations area, what is required of an aircraft? |
The aircraft must: - be clearly illuminated - have lighted position lights - be in an area which is marked by obstruction lights |
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Position lights are to b on during what timeframe? |
Sunset to sunrise |
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Explain the location of position lights on an aircraft |
Green light to the right Red light on the left White light on the tail Flashing beacon on tail |
