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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The first cervical vertebrae is called the: ____
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atlas
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The "vertebrae prominens: is the name given to the:
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7th cervical vertebrae
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The opening in the cervical vertebrae for the transmission of the vertebral artery and vein are called the : ____ _____
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transverse foramen
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The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?
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lateral
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The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with the midsagittal plane?
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70 to 75
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How much is the body rotated for the lateral position to demonstrate the zygaphphyseal joints of the thoracic region?
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15 - 20 degrees
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The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine are clearly demostrated on which projection?
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lateral
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The xray projection demonstrated in the figure above is:
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AP, open mouth, atlas and axis
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Where should the center of the IR be positioned for the "open mouth" AP projection of the atlas and axis?
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Second cervical vertebrae
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Which of the following lines must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP "open mouth" atlas and axis?
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A line drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisors to the tip of the mastoid process
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For which projection is the pt instructed to softly phonate "ah" during the exposure?
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AP "open mouth" atlas and axis
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Where is the CR directed for an "open mouth" AP projection of the atlas and axis?
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Perpendicular through the open mouth
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The respiration phase for the "open mouth" AP projection of the atlas and axis is:
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softly phonate "ah" during exposure
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Which method is used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum?
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Fuchs
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Which describes the Fuchs method?
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AP, dens
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Where is the center of the IR positioned for the AP projection of the dens, Fuchs method?
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tip of the mastiod process
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What is the CR angulation for the AP projection of the dens, Fuchs method?
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0 degrees
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Which is placed perpendicular to the tabletop for the AP axial cervical vertebrae?
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a line drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisors to the tip of the mastoid process
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Where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine?
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4th cervical vertebrae
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How are small weights applied to the arms for the lateral projection of the C-spine?
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Affixed to the wrists
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Where is the IR centered for a lateral C-spine?
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4th cervical vertebrae
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Where is the CR directed for a lateral C-spine?
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4th cervical vertebrae
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The SID for a lateral C-spine must be a minimum of how many inches?
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60-72 inches
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The respiration phase for a lateral C-spine is:
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full expiration
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The Grandy method is a:
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lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae
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Where is the CR centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine?
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4th cervical vertebrae
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The phase of respiration for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral Cspine is:
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suspended respiration
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Which projection of the Cspine will demonstrate the lower 5 zygaphphyseal joints of the Cspine?
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Lateral, Lateral in hyperflexion, Lateral in hyperextension (all of the above)
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Where is the IR centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral projection of the Cspine?
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4th cervical vertebrae
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The intervertebral foramina of the Cspine are demonstrated on which projection?
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AP axial oblique, and PA axial oblique
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How much is the body rotated for an AP axial oblique projection of the Cspine?
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45 degrees
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What is the CR angle for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?
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15 - 20 degrees cephalad
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Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?
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Those farthest from the IR
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Where is the CR directed for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?
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4th cervical vertebrae
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What is the recommended SID for the AP axial oblique projection of the Cspine?
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60-72 inches
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How much is the body rotated for the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?
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45 degrees
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Where is the CR directed for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?
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4th cervical vertebrae
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What is the CR angle for the PA axial oblique projection cervical intervertebral foramina?
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15-20 degrees caudad
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Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the PA axial oblique projection of the Cspine?
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Those closes to the IR
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The respiration phase for an AP or PA axial projection of the cervical spine is:
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suspended respiration
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Patients may arrive in the emergency room with trauma to the neck. Which projection of the Cspine is performed FIRST, and then reveiwed by a physician, before proceeding with other projections?
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Dorsal decubitis (cross table) lateral
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The recommended SID for a dorsal decubitis (cross-table) lateral projection of the Cspine on a trauma patient is?
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60-72 inches
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What is the CR angulation for an AP axial projection of the Cspine on a trauma pt?
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15-20 degrees cephalad
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What is the CR angle for an AP thoracic spine?
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0 degrees
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Ideally, the cathode end of an xray tube should be positioned to take advantage of the "heel effect" of the tube. Where should the cathode be placed for an AP thoracic spine?
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Toward the feet
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Where should the arms be placed for a lateral projection of the Tspine?
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At right angels to the long axis of the body
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Which devices are needed to optimally perform a lateral projection of the Tspine?
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Small sandbag, radiolucent sponge, sheet of leaded rubber (all of the above)
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If support is not place under the lower thoracic vertebrae for a lateral projection, the CR may have to be angled. What is the degree of angulation?
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10-15 cephalad
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Which breathing technique can be used for a lateral projection of the throacic vertebrae?
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Suspended respiration, quiet breathing
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Where is the CR directed for a lateral thoracic spine?
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Level of T7
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If a lead rubber sheet is not placed on the table when performing a lateral projection of the thoracic spine, the image may be:
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underexposed
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Which thoracic vertbrae contain only a singel costal facet on its body?
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T10, T11, T12
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Which thoracic vertebrae contain costal facets of the transverse process?
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T1 to T10
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Which intervertebral foramina and pedicles are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?
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Those farthest from the IR
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How is the thorax centered for a lateral thoracic spine?
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Center the posterior half to the center of the grid
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