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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The legislator should be a trustee and vote how he sees fit until the public gets involved, at which point he should return to the delegate mode
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politico
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The legislator is a delegate most of the time, but if an issue keeps her head off the pillow at night, she turns into a trustee
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conscience mode
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Legislators must “act in the same manner as the whole body would act, were they present” -Thomas Paine (1776)
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delegate model of representation
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The legislator should consider the will of the people, but then should do what he or she thinks is best for the nation as a whole and in the long term. Burkean conception.
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trustee model of representation
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In almost all states, the process of redistricting must be undertaken every ___years to reflect changes in the state’s overall population relative the the rest of the country
population shifts within the state |
ten years
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The drawing of legislative districts for partisan advantage
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gerrymandering
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Lumping opposition voters in one area
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packing
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Splitting up groups of voters so they do not constitute a majority in any district
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cracking
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Work Horse of the Legislature
Members can become policy experts More issues can be considered Legislators can be on committees relevant to constituents “Safety valve” function |
Standing Committee
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a committe of members of the house and senate that irons out differences in similar measures that have passed both houses to create a single bill
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conference committee
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a temporary committee created to deal with a specific issue
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select committee
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units that conduct oversight or issue research, but do not have legislative powers
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joint committee
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The United States ____ has the sole power to try all Impeachments. ____ to convict.
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Senate
Two-thirds |
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the advisers considered most important to the president-usually the secretaries of the departments of State, Defense, Treasury, and Justice
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inner cabinet
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a group of the presidential staff agencies that provides the president with help and advice
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Executive Office of the President (EOP)
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an organization within the EOP to advise the prseident on foreign and domestic military policies related to national security
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National Security Council (NSC)
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the office that presidents use to better understand and control policies related to the financial operations of the government
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office of management and budget (OMB)
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a group of economists within the EOP appointed by the president to provide advice on economic policy
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Council of Economic Advisors
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the highest ranking member of the EOP and hence the most important of the presidents advisors
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chief of staff
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A pyramid structure with the Chief of Staff reporting directly to the president-- others go through CoS.
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Hierarchical Organization model.
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Like a wheel and spokes.
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collegial model
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defined: Constitutional powers that are assigned to one governmental agency but that are exercised by another agency with the express permission of the first.
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delegated powers
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defined: Powers claimed by a president that are not expressed in the Constitution but are inferred from it.
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inherent powers
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Veto power
Recommend measures State of the Union |
Presidential Legislative authority
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Appointing ambassadors
Receiving ambassadors Treaties Executive Agreements Fast-track trade authority Meeting with foreign leaders to forge ties and make formal alliances |
President as Chief Diplomat
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Cief of State
Chief Legislator Chief Diplomat Commander and CHief |
Many HAts of the president
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Power of persuasion is the power to bargain
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Neustadt
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High self esteem, oriented towards results, adaptive
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Active-Positive
Kennedy Truman FDR |
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Intense effort with low emotional reward, motivated by personal ambition-
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Active Negative
Nixon Johnson |
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Try to please others, compliant with decisions by others
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Passive Positive
Reagan |
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Minimal Performance, low self esteem, work out of sense of duty
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passive negative
Washington |
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Organizations with a hierarchical structure and specific responsibilities, which operate on management principles intended to enhance efficiency and effectiveness
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Beuracracy
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any of the fifteen major government agencies responsible for specific policy areas whose heads are usually called secretaries and serve in the president's cabinet
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departmetn
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federal agencies with narrow responsibilities for a specific policy issue, such as the environmet, not covered by one of the fifteen environmental departments
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interdependent agencies
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have broad discretion to make rules for particular industries. Examples include:
the Federal Trade Commissions the Federal Communications Commission the Federal Elections Commission |
Interdependent regulatroy agencies
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federal law that limits the participation of federal government employees in political campaigns to protect them from feeling obligated to donate money or work for political candidates
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Hatch Act
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ensures employees are hired on the basis of their qualifications and cannot be fired merely for belonging to the wrong political party
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pendleton act
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meeting of the committee to debate and consider amendments to a measure under consideration.
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committee markup
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