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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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SAQ: Distinguish between orthodox and alternative view of development |
-single path to development modernisation theory vs different paths to development due to culture -development is seen as purely economic terms GDP vs development is a wide range of factors eg empowerment of women, quality of life -free market vs protectionism |
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SAQ: explain the orthodox approach to development |
-follows Walt rostows modernisation theory -based upon purely monetary terms - free market |
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SAQ: explain the advantages and disadvantages of cancelling debt in the developing world |
-allows countries to devote more money to development programmes -prevents the argued reliance of poorer countries on the north, “free from the chains of debt” ~moral hazard |
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SAQ: what is neo-colonialism and how has it been used to explain global inequality |
-link to dependency theory, richer countries keeping poorer ones trapped on periphery for cheaper goods -TNCS act as soft power in countries where they can take advantage of poor governance to dominate towns and areas, taking profits home -IMF imposing free trade in exchange for loans |
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SAQ: How and why have strictly economic conceptions of development been criticised? |
-don’t account for inequalities within countries -don’t account for quality of life, contrast to HDI -based upon western values and Washington consensus, Asian values |
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SAQ: explain the main justifications for international aid |
-counter the structural inequalities that currently benefit rich countries(peripherally core) -moral obligation to help -can help richer countries, comparative advantage and future trading partners |
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SAQ: How does dependency theory help to explain global inequality |
-Poorer countries told to focus on primary products, volatile with low profits -core countries use the poor countries product to make high profit items -neo colonialism through loan conditions keeps dependency |
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SAQ: explain the relationship between corruption and poverty |
-linked to aid, receive aid and spend on personal items -corruption leads to further poverty as it doesn’t allow access to loans or debt relief -lack of spending options due to poverty |
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ESSAY: to what extent is international aid effective? |
-effective as a form of emergency aid for natural disasters/ war torn countries HOWEVER undermines local markets and producers- dumping -good when spent on infrastructure, education etc to improve productive potential.HOWEVER rarely gets spent in the right areas with some going on corruption - tied aid, have to commit to free market etc which is often damaging to them economically. HOWEVER Washington consensus argues that free market is key method of development -leads to further dependency, discouraging initiative and enterprise HOWEVER aid for South Korea has turned them into one of most technologically advanced countries |
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ESSAY: the IMF WTO and world bank have failed the worlds poor. Discuss |
-criticised for imposition of SAPs, not needed for the country and made the countries so indebted they can’t develop. HOWEVER debt relief -WTO encourages free trade for poorer countries when developed are using protectionism to develop. HOWEVER could be seen as nations fault as WTO has attempted to persuade them -policies imposed by the three are needed for development eg South Korea. HOWEVER argued that SK grew through protectionism - SAPs have been adjusted to counter past problems HOWEVER can still be seen as based on unilinear model when developing countries need different methods for growth |
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ESSAY: globalisation has increased, not reduced global poverty. Discuss |
-TNCS have been able to exploit workers and although have given them jobs inequality has increased further. HOWEVER argued transfer of skills to incentivise future entrepreneurs - countries who have developed recently are those who have not opened up and have grown from within eg China. HOWEVER globalisation plays a big part in export lead growth -more trade generates wealth for all- comparative advantage. HOWEVER developing countries have comparative advantage in agriculture where there is little profit -success of NICs like South Korea compared to shut off countries like North Korea.HOWEVER few examples out of many |
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ESSAY: the poverty of the south is a consequence of the policies and actions of the north. Discuss |
-core periphery model etc HOWEVER BRICs especially China have escaped this model -enforcement of SAPs and unsuccessful nature of them HOWEVER adjusted SAPs -view of orthodox model, setting the conditions for development HOWEVER unilinear model disputed -TNCs have helped development, spread of skills and innovation HOWEVER retained profits and lack of high up jobs for locals |
