Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
SAQ: Why have some modern wars been classified as “new” wars |
-civil wars linked to failed state -often identity wars between different ethnicities relationship nationalists with fundamental beliefs -asymmetrical, great powers versus irregular forces like in Afghanistan |
|
|
SAQ: What is the significance of religion as a cause of conflict in the modern world |
-emergence of fundamentalists especially Islam -cultural turn in global politics, globalisation has turned people back to religion -decline of communist vs capitalist nature of wars, new clash of civilisations |
|
|
SAQ: In what ways did 9/11 redefine the nature of terrorism |
-catastrophic terrorism, mass deaths -no specific national goals, broad religious ideology -global reach, transnational |
|
|
SAQ: explain why there has been growing concern about the proliferation of nuclear weapons |
-vertical causes single countries to gain large amounts of power, can destroy the world -falling into the wrong hands, rogue states or terrorist groups -horizontal, as more people have it seen as less of a big deal, use in regional conflicts |
|
|
SAQ: what are the major reasons behind the proliferation of nuclear weapons |
-deterrence of people attacking eg U.K. -to be listened to in international relations eg North Korea vs Libya -to ensure regional stability eg Israel |
|
|
SAQ: Why are asymmetrical wars difficult to win? |
-inability to employ devastating weaponry due to threat to civilians, difficult to tell difference between soldiers and civilians eg wedding in Afghanistan -leaderless jihad, can’t pin point the top dogs as they all fight in small factions -use of smart weapons by opposition eg drone attacks |
|
|
SAQ: explain why the term terrorism is controversial and contested |
-definition of terrorism is attempts of non state actors to further political ends by using violence -one mans terrorist is another mans freedom fighter -states are seen as acting like terrorists -used regularly to describe everyone, little effect labelling someone a terrorist |
|
|
SAQ: Why has nuclear arms control been difficult to bring about |
-the spread of technology and materials make it hard to track who actually has nuclear weapons - those holding nuclear weapons are some of the most powerful in the world eg USA Russia China -seen by many as a bringer of peace, deter attackers |
|
|
SAQ: explain the key criticisms that have been made of the ‘clash of civilisations’ thesis |
-conflict is based around control, power and resources -conflict within civilisations eg Sunni vs Shia -globalisation has caused mass culture, McDonald’s effect |
|
|
SAQ: what is the war on terror and how does it differ from traditional wars? |
- asymmetrical warfare -non state actors and Terrorist groups involved -clash of civilisations, religion ideology rather than aboutnpower over land |
|
|
SAQ: explain the main elements of the clash of civilisations thesis |
-post Cold War conflict will have a civilisation basis rather than an ideological basis -identifies there are a number of cultures in the world be it Islam sinic etc and where they rub against each other is where war is -Islam resurgence against western “universal” values is seen as main fighting point |
|
|
SAQ: How and why have attempts been made to control the proliferation of nuclear weapons |
-how: NWS tried to get disarmament -why: if falls in to terrorist hands could be catastrophic -why:to prevent mass armament, when on country in a regional conflict has one other will strive to get |
|
|
SAQ: Why is the concept of rogue states controversial |
-disagreement between states to who is a rogue state eg USA sees syria as rogue but Russia do not -often applied by the USA to intimidate and dehumanise opponents when they in fact are often more of a rogue state, eg no other country has pulled out of more international conferences and agreements -realist view, disrespects the sovereignty of some countries, if they are in power they may do as they wish |
|
|
ESSAY: to what extent is countering terrorism compatible with upholding human rights |
-lesser evil, sacrifice a few to save many HOWEVER leaderless jihad means that the attacks on “leaders” that have collateral actually make no damage to terrorist groups -only wrongdoers should be worried, undermining human rights of terrorist has no bearing on our rights HOWEVER gives ability for rogue states to curb human rights in the name of antiterrorism -counter productive, war on terror has helped terrorist groups to attract more people willing to risk their lives in terror attacks HOWEVER success of pushing ISIS out of Iraq -Liberal belief that HR are universal and fundamental. HOWEVER argument that terrorist have undermined that many other people’s human rights that it is acceptable to undermine theirs |
|
|
ESSAY: the proliferation of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction is the major threat to global security |
-the more WMDs spread the more terrorists may be able to get hold of them HOWEVER due to leaderless jihad terrorist groups have little chance of accessing such technology -destructive power of nukes is absolute, UKs can destroy the whole world HOWEVER used only to deter others from attacking, never actually used -rogue states are only using them to be listened to eg North Korea(Libya incident) HOWEVER argued that rogue superpowers are biggest holders eg Russia, no other reason to use than to destroy -climate change could be seen as a bigger threat because even if international relations are improved it will cause the world to die HOWEVER nuclear proliferation threatens instanntaneous global security |
|
|
ESSAY: nuclear weapons are of symbolic importance only. Discuss |
-states like North Korea only acquire nuclear weapons to be listened to in international community HOWEVER rogue states, non rational thinking puts people in danger -main purpose is for deterrence, eg people don’t want to be Libya MAD HOWEVER what happens if a nuclear weapon holding country is attacked? This has not been seen and could end in a bomb being dropped eg Russia -not of symbolic nature if they fall into terrorist groups hands eg ISIS HOWEVER unlikely to happen due to leaderless jihad - the sheer investment and research gone into building them shows they are for serious war purposes HOWEVER the amount of economic gain for having them eg Iran could make it worthwhile |
|
|
ESSAY: to what extent is there a global clash of civilisations |
-rise of Islamic fundamentalism can be seen to be main clash of civilisations HOWEVER static view of civilisations only a minimal part of the Islam civilisation is a fundamentalist causing conflict -there is proven wars along “fault lines” eg Middle East Christianity Islam and Judaism HOWEVER realists say arguably a resource war due to oil rich area -Sunni vs Shia, and DRC war argued clash within civilisations HOWEVER the simplistic nature of clash of civilisations prevents these from being classed as own civilisations, they are very different so should be different civilisations and are therefore clashes -rise of globalisation and mass culture argues against clash of civilisations HOWEVER globalisation could be seen as a cause of clash of civilisations, forced to face different civilisations |
|
|
ESSAY: conflict between Islam and the West is unavoidable. Discuss. |
- Clash of civilisations HOWEVER argued more within Islam Sunni vs Shia -war on terror, western imperialism on Islam HOWEVER could be seen as a just war, and that after war on terror everything will settle down -fundamentalism is not the entirety of Islam HOWEVER rise in power of Al-Shabab and ISIS in getting people joining shows popularity -could be arguably more about economics and being trapped on peripherals? HOWEVER |
|
|
ESSAY: To what extent is terrorism the main threat to global security? Been on last year and 2013 |
A |
