Political Science Final Review

Front 1

Name 3 Basic Attributes of Modernity

Back 1

Individualism:People will act in their own self-interest

Secular humanism: Separation of church & state

Predominance of economics: Distribution of goods & services & how that works/happens

Front 2

Define Scarcity & Socialization

Back 2

Scarcity: People value most, with which they don't have

Socialization:

Primacy: What is learned first, is learned best

Intermediate: Basic identity formed during teenage/young adult years

Recency: Identity is reactive to current context, always changing

Front 3

Name the responses of traditional ideologies & Alternative responses

Back 3

Nationalism: Takes focus away from your community & shifts blame to outside community

Post Materialism: Lead to Civil Rights Movement & Rise of counterculture since people grew up well-off.

Front 4

Name some of the characteristics of Materialism

Back 4

-People after war grew up iwell off so focused on other things then survival such as political freedom & expression

-Valued economic growth over other things e.g.) Controlling inflation

-Valued law & order for physical security e.g.) Large military, stiff penalties to keep people from committing crimes

Front 5

Name some characteristics of Post-Materialism

Back 5

- Promoted social justice, equality of rights & freedoms

- People looked to get more involved with government

- Environmental protection as priority over economic growth

Front 6

Define High Politics & Low Politics

Back 6

High Politics: Military power, war & state craft

Low Politics: Everything else (human rights, the economy, society)

Front 7

Define Discourse

Back 7

Power & knowledge are inseparably tied up together

Front 8

Define Hegemony

Back 8

Process by which dominant culture maintains its power. Promotes ideals of that group through education, advertising, publication, etc.

Front 9

Define Disciplinary Power

Back 9

State defines normal, Painting opposition as being abnormal e.g.) Homosexuality as a mental illness

Front 10

Define Diving practices

Back 10

Stigmatization: Brand someone as a disgrace

Front 11

Define Deconstructionism

Back 11

Universal truths have been constructed by someone at some time & place. Idea that the world is constantly recreated in our discourse through our words, language, ideas etc.

Front 12

Define Dominant Paradigm

Back 12

The values or system of thought, in a society that are most standard & widely held

Front 13

Patriarchy

Back 13

Way that institutions have been set up. They have been normalized

Front 14

1st Wave Women's movement

Back 14

Theory: Women as different; feminine & maternal, caregivers. Women should bring sense of caring to public realm

Focus: Getting women to vote, Public health, Prohibition, Educational/occupational equality

Front 15

2nd Wave Women's movement

Back 15

Theory: Women are the same; equal in all ways

Focus: Employment equity & unpaid work, political representation, legalization of birth control pill/abortion, feminization of Poverty

Front 16

3rd Wave Women's movement

Back 16

Theory: Intersectionality of oppression & privilege

Focus: Recognition of oppression within the women's movement

Front 17

Liberal Feminism

Back 17

Equal opportunities for women & men

Principle: Oppression originates in unequal treatment

Focus: Basic equality rights for women in education & workplace

Front 18

Socialist Feminism

Back 18

Principle: Oppression originates in the interaction of patriarchy & capitalism. Capitalism requires sexual division of unpaid labour

Focus: Gaining influence/control of the agents of socialization. to tear down capitalism

Front 19

Radical Feminism

Back 19

Accept basic premise of liberal feminism

Principle: Oppression originates the sex/gender system: results in biological rules

Focus: Re=examination of biological & socio-cultural assumptions about sex & gender

Front 20

Postmodern Feminism

Back 20

Princple: Oppression originates in language, which is the main tool of patriarchy

Focus: Use of language to disrupt the dominant view of reality. Illustrate diversity of women & feminism

Front 21

Anti Feminism

Back 21

Rejects core of feminist thoughts

Principle: Biology is determined: Gender is same as sex, Gender codes are natural

Focus: Hetero sexual family is cornerstone of society

Front 22

Conservation/Reform Environmentalism

Back 22

View: source of resources

Focus: Management of resrouce extraction, flood control, wildlife management

e.g.) Carbon Tax or Cap & Trade system

Front 23

Human Welfare Ecology/Social Political Ecology

Back 23

View: Essential to human health & happiness

Focus: Air & Water quality, Climate change, overpopulation, waste disposal, overuse of pesticides & herbicides

Front 24

Deep Ecology

Back 24

View: Non human life is equally as valuable as human life, therefor it should have equal rights

Focus: Decrease in human consumption &/or populations, Fundamental change in ecnomic, technological, & ideological structures. e.g.) local food movement for high quality of lives for animals

Front 25

Fundamentalism

Back 25

- Rejection of secular humanism

- Self-separation

Patriarchal

Regulation of public & private

Nostalgic

Front 26

2 things included in Democratic Process

Back 26

Political Equality

Majority rule

Front 27

3 things included in Democratic Substance

Back 27

-Minority protection

Political freedoms

Popular Participation

Front 28

What are the 4 principles of Liberal Democracy

Back 28

1. Political equality

2. Majority Rule

3. Political freedoms

4. Popular Participation

Front 29

Political Equality

Back 29

Equality of right

Equality of Opporutnity

Equality of outcome

Front 30

Majority Rule

Back 30

Simple Majority vs Qualified majority

Tyranny of the majority

Front 31

Define Rule of Law

Back 31

Government action cannot be taken outside of the law

Maintenance of law & order

Due Process

Discretion

Government is subject to law

Recognized procedures

Front 32

Political Freedoms

Back 32

Protection of rights & interests

Freedom of: speech, information, press, assembly, religion, movement, vocation, etc.

Front 33

Popular Participation

Back 33

Delegate representation: delegate follows wishes of people they're representing

Trustee: Exercises own judgement about what's best

Front 34

Define 4 terms of deliberative democracy

Referendum:

Plebiscite:

Initiative

Recall:

Back 34

Everyone votes on new policy

Basically referendum, not binding

Basically a petition

Removing someone from ofice after they've been elected

Front 35

Benefits of Democracy

Back 35

Pluralism

Discussion/Deliberation

Transparency

Accountability

Protection of minorities

Front 36

Problems with liberal Democracy

Back 36

Bureaucratic

Elite Rule

Compromise

Alienation

Best Information

Public vs. Private Interests

Front 37

3 levels of democratic participation

Spectator

Transitional

Gladiator

Back 37

Shows up to vote

Follows political issues & policies, discusses politics with friends

Volunteer, even run for office

Front 38

Name 3 characteristics of Political Protests

Back 38

Atypical actors

Occurs outside the system

Aimed at government, elites, opponents

Front 39

Define Social Movements

Back 39

Informal networks

Collective identity/values

Political & cultural action

Aimed at state & society

Front 40

Name some aims of old social movements

Back 40

Class, redistribution of income, women's rights

Front 41

Name some aims of post-materialist aims

Back 41

Identity, discourse e.g. Anti-globalization

Front 42

Define Regime violence, Civic Violence & unintended violence

Back 42

Perpetrated by state on own cities

Used by organization to advance its aims

Rally that's goal is not for violence, but individual actor causes violence

Front 43

Name characteristics of Guerilla Warfare

Back 43

Mobile

Disadvantaged

Physical familiarity

Social/cultural familiarity

Long term

Front 44

Name some Counter-Insurgency strategies

Back 44

Repress: Controlling/minimizing military impact insurgents

Reform: Instill political legitimacy

Military

Politics

Front 45

Terrorism

Back 45

Fear

Civillian population

Suicide terrorism

State-sponsored terrorism

State-imposed terror

Front 46

Define Monarchy

Tyranny

Aristocracy

Oligarchy

Polity

Democracy

Back 46

One rules, lawfully

One rules, lawlessly

Few rule, Lawfully

Few rule, lawlessly

Many rule, lawfully

Many rule, lawlessly

Front 47

4 Characteristics of modern government

Back 47

Ubiquitous: They are everywhere

Multiple levels

Necessary

Varied: Both ideologically & structurally

Front 48

What are the three Democratic Systems?

Back 48

Parliamentary, Presidential, semi-presidential systems

Front 49

what are the 2 major characteristics of Parliamentary system

Back 49

Fusion of powers: same people hold office in executive & legislative branch

Responsible government: government is responsible to maintain confidence of parliament

Front 50

2 Major characteristics of Presidential System

Back 50

Separation of power: Clear division between executive, legislative & judicial branch

Don't have responsible government: each branch holds each other accountable

Front 51

2 characteristics of semi-presidential system

Back 51

Responsible Government

Separation of Powers

Front 52

Name the 3 Democratic Structures

Back 52

Unitary Structure

Federal Structure

Confederate Structure

Front 53

Define Unitary Structure

Back 53

Places power in one central level of government. That level of gov't gives some power to lower levels

Front 54

Define Federal Structure

Back 54

No level of gov't is subject to the power of another level of gov't e.g.) Canada has municipal, provincial & federal government

Front 55

Define Confederate Structure

Back 55

Sovereignty lies with lower levels of gov't, they choose to surrender some sovereignty of it to a central gov't . e.g.) EU

Front 56

Define Authoritarian government

Back 56

Reject liberal democracy as inefficient

Limited political pluralism

Lack of Rule of Law

Limited Political rights & freedoms

Front 57

Define Totalitarian government

Back 57

Regulates & controls nearly every aspect of its society, both the public & private

Single party state with one charismatic leader. Complete rejection of pluralism

Communication monopoly

Police state to maintain transformation

State-controlled economy

Front 58

Define Hybrid States

Back 58

Transitions to either authoritarian or authoritarian. Has elements of both

Front 59

What are some Impediments to Transition

Back 59

Ethnic & national violence

Religious fundamentalism

Corruption

Strong military

Globalization?

Front 60

5 Global Challenge to democracy

Back 60

China

Former Soviet States

Fundamentalism (middle East)

Sub-Saharan Africa

Disengagement (lower voter turnout)